Birding in Egypt - Egypts Complete Ornithological Checklist, Birds of EGYPT, a checklist of the birds of EGYPT

Egypts Complete Ornithological Checklist

Checklist of BOE

Checklist of the birds of Egypt
(István M., updated: 2008 Aug 7)

This list is following the taxonomic recommendations of the AERC TAC, following Vaurie(1959). The Genus Sylvidae is following the modifications of Lars Svensson(1992). The range and the comments on the species and subspecies was modified, and new comments has been added. As a reference, Birds of Egypt (Goodman and Meininger, 1989) has been used. Most of the records have been collected from the EgyBirdGroup ( Egybirdgroup@yahoogroups.com) and OSME.

The observations and comments on raptors are following my mentor and friend, Tom Coles† (1949-2008) observations, from: Vultures and Other Birds of Prey at Wadi El Gemal National Park, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, January 2006 (unpublished)

The species highlighted in red, are not proved to been observed in the country (photographed, collected or at least handled by a ringer), or were collected before the XX century, and it is unclear if were collected within the actual borders of Egypt, or across the border in actual Sudan, which has been part of Egypt at that time. Some concerns arise from the records of Meinertzhagen who has been discredited meanwhile.

Please send any observation, comments and critics regarding this list to us.

Anyone should feel free to copy, reproduce or transmit in any form and any means this list, without attribution and prior permission.

Abreviations: FB-former breeder, E-extinct RB-resident breeder, IB-introduced breeder, MB-migrant breeder, CB-casual breeder, PV-pasange vagrant, WV-winter visitor, AV-accidental visitor, ESC-escaped.

Updated on 25 Jan 2009

Family	Genus	Species	Subspecies	Status in Egypt	Comments & references about the occurrence in Egypt	Range and comments
STRUTHIONIDAE
Ostrich	Struthio	camelus	camelus	FB RB?	Restricted to Gebel Elba area in extreme South East.Last breeding recorded from 1982, 60km north-east of Aswan (Goodman et al. 1989)	Northern Africa formerly north to Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt [includes spatzi, rothschildi]
			syriacus	Exctinct	Last known record from Gebel Maghara 22 April 1816 (Burckhard)
GAVIIDAE
Black-throated Diver	Gavia	arctica		AV?	Egyptian record claim not accepted , but has been recorded at Eilat, Israel.
Red-throated Diver	Gavia	stellata		AV		(monotypic) [includes squamata]
PODICIPEDIDAE
Little Grebe	Tachybaptus	ruficollis	(1) ruficollis	RB WV		North-west Africa, Europe, western Turkey, and Israel
			(2) capensis	RB WV	Oasis Of Western Desert	Afrotropics, Egypt, and from Caucasus area and northern Iran east to central Asia [includes albipennis]
Great Crested Grebe	Podiceps	cristatus	cristatus	FB WV
Red-necked Grebe	Podiceps	grisegena	grisegena	AV		Europe and north-west Asia [includes balchaschensis]
Black-necked Grebe	Podiceps	nigricollis	nigricollis	WV	One overwinter at Hurghada sewagee pools 2007/2008
Slavonian Grebe	Podiceps	auritus		Not accepted	Rejected by Meinertzhagen(1930)
DIOMEDEIDAE
Shy Albatross(White-capped)	Thalassarche	cauta	cauta	AV		vagrant to Israel and Egypt
PROCELLARIIDAE
Cory's Shearwater	Calonectris	diomedea	diomedea	PV WV	1 ad.mummified,SW of Kharga(22°51N'28°06'E)on 13th of Feb 1989, Publ Sandgrouse 1991 13/2	Mediterranean basin [includes flavirostris]
Wedge-tailed Shearwater	Puffinus	pacificus		AV	1989 March. Data published in : Killian Mullarney,Lars Svensson,Dan Zetterström,Peter J.Grant-Bird Guide,The most Complete Field Guide To the Birds of Britain and Europe, HarperCollins,London,1999	(monotypic) [includes chlororhynchus, cuneatus]
Sooty Shearwater	Puffinus	griseus		PV		(monotypic)
Manx Shearwater	Puffinus	puffinus		PV WV
Balearic Shearwater	Puffinus	mauretanicus		PM WV		(monotypic)
Audubon's (Persian) Shearwater	Puffinus	lherminieri	persicus	AV	1991 September- Data published in : Killian Mullarney,Lars Svensson,Dan Zetterström,Peter J.Grant-Bird Guide,The most Complete Field Guide To the Birds of Britain and Europe, HarperCollins,London,1999 . Birds of Israel.	Arabian Sea, vagrant WP (often treated as a distinct species)
HYDROBATIDAE
Leach's Storm-Petrel	Oceanodroma	leucorhoa	leucorhoa	AV	1observed (4th obs.) in Zaranik, on3th of Dec1998.
Wilson`s Storm-Petrel	Oceanites	oceanicus	oceanicus	PV		Subantarctic islands of Atlantic and Indian Ocean
PHAETHONTIDAE
Red-billed Tropicbird	Phaethon	aethereus	indicus	RB	Rare breeder on the islands (Offshore Hurghada, Hamata and Berenicle).	Red Sea to Indian Ocean
SULIDAE
Brown Booby	Sula	leucogaster	plotus	RB	Breeding on Zabragad Island, and Hurghada Archipeleago. 1 recorded off Abu Zenima on27 of Dec 1997,most northen record ever in the Gulf of Suez.
Northern Gannet	Morus	bassanus		PV WV	Along the Mediteranean coastline and Zaranik area. 1 was recorded in Zaranik area on 9 of May 1997 (12th)	(monotypic)
PHALACROCORACIDAE
Great Cormorant	Phalacrocorax	carbo	sinensis	PV WV	Thousands are gathering on Lake Nasser near Abu Simbel	Europe (except coasts of Atlantic Ocean) and Asia [includes subcormoranus, hanedae]
			lucidus	AV?	Never seen, but high probability to disperse to extreme S Egypt.	Afrotropics, north to Cape Verde Islands and Banc d'Arguin (Mauritania), sub-saharian Africa.
European Shag	Phalacrocorax	aristotelis	desmarestii	AV	1 on 20 Nov 1989 on Abu Minghar-Sharif MBD&Saleh	Mediterranean and Black Sea
Pygmy Cormorant	Phalacrocorax	pygmeus		AV	Publ. Birds of Israel	(monotypic)
Long-tailed Cormorant	Phalacrocorax	africanus	africanus	FB	Faiyum, Lake Manzala, Lake Quarun
ANHINGIDAE
African Darter	Anhinga	melanogaster	rufa	AV		southern Iraq
PELECANIDAE
Great White Pelican	Pelecanus	onocrotalus		PV WV	2 at Safaga flying from sea to the mountains on 18 June 2008 by M.I	(monotypic)
Dalmatian Pelican	Pelecanus	crispus		WV		(monotypic)
Pink-backed Pelican	Pelecanus	rufescens		PV WV	Regulary seen in Abu Simbel	(monotypic)
ARDEIDAE
Great Bittern	Botaurus	stellaris	stellaris	WV	Along the Nile Valley, up to Aswan	[includes orientalis]
Little Bittern	Ixobrychus	minutus	(1) minutus	RB PV WV		Palearctic
			(2) payesii	AV?	Probably overlooked.	Afrotropics, vagrant WP
Black-crowned Night Heron	Nycticorax	nycticorax	nycticorax	RB? PV WV
Striated Heron	Butorides	striata	brevipes	RB
			atricapilla	RB? PV WV	Upper Nile Valley	Afrotropics,Wagrant WP
Squacco Heron	Ardeola	ralloides		RB PV WV		(monotypic)
Indian Pond Heron	Ardeola	grayi		AV	Published in Alula 12(3)(2006): 114-119
Cattle Egret	Bubulcus	ibis	ibis	RB PV WV		[includes ruficrista, seychellarum]
Western Reef Egret	Egretta	gularis	schistacea	RB		Red Sea to India
Little Egret	Egretta	garzetta	garzetta	RB PV WV
Intermediate Egret	Egretta	intermedia		AV	Birds of Israel
Great Egret	Casmerodius	albus	albus	PV WV
Grey Heron	Ardea	cinerea	cinerea	CB PV WV		Africa (except Mauritania), Europe, and northern and south-western Asia
Purple Heron	Ardea	purpurea	purpurea	PV WV RB	RB at Aswan(2007 and 2008), chicks seen by Dick Hoeck and published in Sandgrouse	Africa (except Cape Verde Islands and Madagascar) and Europe east to Kazakhstan
Black-headed Heron	Ardea	melanocephala		AV	Claimed from Nile (per Peter Meininger) and Red Sea
Goliath Heron	Ardea	goliath		RB	6 at Wadi Lahami on 20 of March 2008 by Istvan Moldován and Lajos Nemeth. Nest found in 7 th of April 2006 by Pierre André Chrochet	(monotypic)
CICONIIDAE
Yellow-billed Stork	Mycteria	ibis		?	12 on 2 of May 2008 at Abu Simbel by Tomas Haraldsson	(monotypic)
Black Stork	Ciconia	nigra		PV	19 on 11 of April 2008 at Ain Sokhna (István Moldován)	(monotypic)
White Stork	Ciconia	ciconia	ciconia	PV WV	1 over summer at Sewage works at Hurghada 2008 Jun-July
Mute Swan	Cygnus	olor		WV		(monotypic)
Whooper Swan	Cygnus	cygnus		AV		(monotypic) [includes islandicus]
Bean Goose	Anser	fabalis	fabalis	AV		Taiga of northern Europe to west Siberia [includes johanseni]
			rossicus			Tundra of northern Europe and west Siberia
Greater White-fronted Goose	Anser	albifrons	albifrons	WV		Northern Russia
Lesser White-fronted Goose	Anser	erythropus		AV		(monotypic)
Greylag Goose	Anser	anser	rubrirostris	AV		Central and eastern Europe and Asia
Barnacle Goose	Branta	leucopsis		AV		(monotypic)
Red-breasted Goose	Branta	ruficollis		AV		(monotypic)
Egyptian Goose	Alopochen	aegyptiaca		RB	1 at Hurgada Sewage Works on 25 March 2007 by Robert Lasecki petrel@o2.pl petrel@tlen.pl 1 at Naama Bay on 01.12.2000. At the sewage-ponds northwest of Naama Bay by Tommy Pedersen, Oslo,Norway	(monotypic)
Ruddy Shelduck	Tadorna	ferruginea		PM WV		(monotypic)
Common Shelduck	Tadorna	tadorna		WV		(monotypic)
Eurasian Wigeon	Anas	penelope		PM WV		(monotypic)
Gadwall	Anas	strepera	strepera	PM WV
Common Teal	Anas	crecca	crecca	PM WV		Eurasia
Mallard	Anas	platyrhynchos	platyrhynchos	CB? PM WV	18-11-1994 5 ex. on a sandbank along the Corniche, Aswan (sight obs.) 11-12-2007 1 male Saluga (sight obs.)By Dick Hoeck.dick.hoek@yahoo.com	Eurasia and western North America
Northern Pintail	Anas	acuta	acuta	PM WV		[includes tzitzihoa]
Garganey	Anas	querquedula		PM WV		(monotypic)
Northern Shoveler	Anas	clypeata		PM WV		(monotypic)
Marbled Duck	Marmaronetta	angustirostris		FB WV		(monotypic)
Red-crested Pochard	Netta	rufina		WV		(monotypic)
Common Pochard	Aythya	ferina		PM WV		(monotypic)
Ferruginous Duck	Aythya	nyroca		PM WV	1 on 16 March 2008 at SW Hurghada	(monotypic)
Tufted Duck	Aythya	fuligula		PM WV		(monotypic)
Velvet Scoter	Melanitta	fusca	fusca	AV
Smew	Mergus	albellus		WV		(monotypic) [includes schioleri]
Red-breasted Merganser	Mergus	serrator		WV		(monotypic) [includes orientalis]
White-headed Duck	Oxyura	leucocephala		Formely WV	Meinertzhagen (1930)	(monotypic)
TETRAONIDAE
Chuckar	Alectoris	chukar	sinaica	RB		Sinai and the Levant to central Syria
Barbary Partridge	Alectoris	barbara	barbata	RB (FB?)	Nests in the wadis around Salum, Sidi Barrani and Matruh. No recent records.	North-east Libya
Sand Partridge	Ammoperdix	heyi	(1) nicolli	RB	All year round resident in the Wadis around Ain Sokhna	North-east Egypt between Nile and Gulf of Suez
			(2) cholmleyi	RB		Central-east and south-east Egypt and north-east Sudan
			(3) heyi	RB		Sinai,Israel and Jordan through Arabia to Oman
Common Quail	Coturnix	coturnix	coturnix	(RB) PV WV	Migrating specimens have been seen even in the resort gardens. Osme singed at Sevagee w in Hurghada both spring and autumn.	Madeira, Canary Islands, North Africa, and Europe east to central Asia and northern India [includes confisa, corsicana, orientalis]
FREGATIDAE
Great Frigatebird	Fregata	minor		AV	Le Paz 1986; Hovel 1987. Records not accepted.
THRESKIORNITHIDAE
Glossy Ibis	Plegadis	falcinellus	falcinellus	PV	2 at Sevage works Hurghada on 2 of May 2008
Northern Bald Ibis	Geronticus	eremita		FB	Extinct	(monotypic)
Sacred Ibis	Threskiornis	aethiopicus		FB	Extinct	(monotypic)
Eurasian Spoonbill	Platalea	leucorodia	(1) leucorodia	PV WV		Eurasia [includes major]
			(2) archeri	RB	Rare and local resident breeder on costal mangrove swamps and islands	Red Sea
PHOENICOPTERIDAE
Greater Flamingo	Phoenicopterus	ruber		WV	Western Desert Oasis. 2 adults and immatures at Naama Bay (Sharm el Sheich)+F71on 01.12.2000. At the sewage-ponds northwest of Naama Bay by Tommy Pedersen, Oslo, Norway.	(monotypic)
Lesser Flamingo	Phoenicopterus	minor		AV		(monotypic)
ACCIPITRIDAE
European Honey Buzzard	Pernis	apivorus		PV		(monotypic)
Crested Honey Buzzard	Pernis	ptilorhyncus	orientalis	PV	1 at 36km N of El Gouna, on 17 Apr 2008 by JanWeinbecker and David Sturm. 1 by Sharif Baha El Din, near Quseir (Bir el Ambagi)in 9 of May 1996. 1 dark juv at Sharm between 26Oct-4 Nov 2007 by Ingo Weiss and Markus Roemhild	[includes japonicus, neglectus]
Black-shouldered Kite	Elanus	caeruleus	caeruleus	RB		[includes vociferus]
Black Kite	Milvus	migrans	migrans	PV , WV		Cape Verde Islands, north-west Africa, Europe, and Middle East [includes korschun, ferghanensis, reichenowi]
Yellow-billed Kite	Milvus	migrans	aegyptius	RB	Not fully accepted species but under review of Birdlife.	Egypt and Arabia to north-east Africa [includes arabicus]
Red Kite	Milvus	milvus	milvus	PV		Canary Islands, North Africa, and Europe [includes caucasicus]
African Fish Eagle	Haliaeetus	vocifer		AV	One shot at Aswan in 1946 (Giza Zoological Museum)	(monotypic)
White-tailed Eagle	Haliaeetus	albicilla		FB? (WV)	Aparently a FB?Old records indicated aparently irregular (WV)Dec-Feb Sighted 28 May 1954 along Suez canal.; 23 Aug-24 Oct 1995 S Sinai	(monotypic) [includes groenlandicus]
Lammergaier	Gypaetus	barbatus	barbatus	?		North Africa
			aureus	RB	At Wadi Gamal by Tom Coles(unpublished)	Eurasia [includes hemachalanus]
			meridionalis	RB	SE Egypt at Gebel Elba
Egyptian Vulture	Neophron	percnopterus	percnopterus	RB, PV (WV)	Rare RB in most of Egypt except in the SE corner where locally common. Breeds in WGNP. A PV late Aug to early Jun, peaks at Suez in early Sep to late Oct, mid-Mar to mid-Apr. A few presumably (WV).
Eurasian Griffon Vulture	Gyps	fulvus	fulvus	FB PV (WV)	2 at Ain Musa by Dave Farrow on 14 Oct 2008.One at the Sharm El Sheic sewage plant on 27 Nov 2008, by I.Moldován, Anne Hilts and Schyler Van Dustin. A FB. Declining, scare PV mid-Sep to mid-Nov, (late Jan) mid-Feb to mid-May; peaks at Suez late Oct. Rare (WV).
Rüppell's Griffon Vulture	Gyps	rueppellii	rueppellii	PV	Irregular (PV) from 29 Aug to unspecified dates in Feb.
Lappet-faced Vulture	Torgos	tracheliotus	nubicus	RB	Irregular (PV) from 29 Aug to unspecified dates in Feb.	(monotypic) no subspecies according to BWP; others recognize negevensis in Israel, nubicus in Egypt and tracheliotus in south-west Morocco
			negevensis	AV or FB in Sinai?	Sharm el Shiek late 1990’s (P.A. Lassey) -probably an old specimen or an escape from the captive breeding population?
Eurasian Black Vulture	Aegypius	monachus		PV (WV)	Rare (PV) (WV) with usually single juveniles visiting late Oct to early Nov, late Mar to mid-Apr, primarily near Suez.Recorded 28 Mar 1999. Most recent record, 2 juv in oerfect condition above the sewage pools in Sharm El Sheic on 21 Nov.2008 byDick Forsman. 3 juv on 27 November at Sharm sewagee pools, by I.Moldován, Anne Hilts and Sccuyler Van Dustin	(monotypic) [includes chincou, danieli]
Short-toed Eagle	Circaetus	gallicus		PV	A CB. Fairly common PV (mid-Aug) early Sep to early (late) Nov, peaks late Sep to mid-Oct; late Feb to mid-May, but no discernable peak. Occasional (WV) and (SV).	[includes heptneri]
Bateleur	Terathopius	ecaudatus		CB?	Probably but irregular inGebel Elba	(monotypic)
Western Marsh Harrier	Circus	aeruginosus	(1) harterti	PV (CB?)	Numerous sightings in suitable habitat throughout the year but breeding not confirmed, MB? Scare PV WV late Aug to late May (early Jun); peak noted mid-Mar to mid-Apr	North Africa
			(2) aeruginosus	PV		Europe east to central Asia
Hen Harrier	Circus	cyaneus	cyaneus	PV WV	Rare PV WV late Sep to mid-Apr; small numbers passing through the Sinai, Red Sea Mts and coastal plain. No discernable peaks
Pallid Harrier	Circus	macrourus		PV WV	Scare PV WV (early) mid-Sep to early May; peaks in late Mar and late Apr.Migrating trought the Lybian desert. One has been senn by Lajos Németh at Karkur Tahl, ’Uweinat (22º02’N, 25º08’E), on 20/03/2002.	(monotypic)
Montagu's Harrier	Circus	pygargus		PV WV	Rare PV late Aug to late Oct (late Nov); mid-Mar to late Apr (mid-May); peaks variable. Occasional (WV) .1 Note: During WGNP 3-10 Sep 2004 WGNP survey, an additional 12 ‘Ringtail (♀ or juv Montagu’s or Hen Harrier)’ and 1 ♂ Circus sp observed.	(monotypic)
Dark Chanting Goshawk	Melierax	metabates	theresae	AV	2 specimens collected in ‘Egypte’ 1851 and 1861, but not known if collected within modern political borders or S in former colonial territories, eg Sudan, so not accepted. 1 photo near Jericho, Israel 12 Apr 1979. Breeds Morocco, sub-Sahara, E to Arabia; M. m. ignoscens breeds SW Arabia. Mainly resident, but dispersive or partial migrant. Considered vagrant/straggler to Israel probably from Arabia breeding pop.
Gabar Goshawk	Micronisus	gabar		AV	An AV only S of Aswan. Previously thought to pass N from Sudan when the Nile flooded. No recent (post-1933) sightings	(monotypic)
Northern Goshawk	Accipiter	gentilis	gentilis	WV	Rare WV mid-Sep to early May in N Egypt; most records early Mar to late Apr.	much of WP including North Africa [includes moscoviae and marginatus]
Eurasian Sparrowhawk	Accipiter	nisus	(1)punicus	?		North Africa
			(2)nisus	PV, (WV?)	Fairly common PV Egypt-wide; scare WV late Sep to mid-May; peaks variable. Majority are A. n. nisus.1	Europe, West Siberia, and the Middle East [includes hibernicus, optimi, peregrinoides, salamancae]
			(3) nisosimilis	?	More than 70 ringed birds during spring migration at Hurghada (2008), did not bring any prove of the occurence of this species in Egypt.	Central and eastern Siberia, migrant WP [includes pallens]
Shikra	Accipiter	badius	cenchroides	Not recorded.	No record for Egypt. 1st and 2nd records for Israel, 20 Apr 1987 and 2 May 1999 (trapped, ringed, photographed), at Eilat on Israel/Egypt boarder. Considered a vagrant/straggler to Israel and Arabia.According to Ferguson-Lees and Christie (2001) “… some appear to migrate to Arabia and possibly even Africa.” Possibly overlooked due to lack of observer coverage at Taba, Egypt.	[includes chorassanicus]
Levant Sparrowhawk	Accipiter	brevipes		PV	Fairly common PV, almost exclusively to E Desert and Sinai, mid-Sep to early (late) Nov; (mid-Mar) mid-Apr to mid-May; peaks variable.1	(monotypic)
Common Buzzard	Buteo	buteo	buteo	AV?	1 record at Wadi Quseib, Suez Gov, 28 Sep 1962.	Mainland of west, central, and southern Europe and west Turkey north to southern Scandinavia
Steppe Buzzard	Buteo	vulpinus	vulpinus	PV WV SV	Fairly common PV early Sep to mid-Nov; common mid-Feb to mid- (late) May, peaks late Feb to mid-May, mainly in E Desert and Sinai. Uncommon WV and SV.1
Long-legged Buzzard	Buteo	rufinus	(1) cirtensis	CB PV	A CB B. r. cirtensis, scare PV WV mid-Sep to mid-May, peaks mid-Sep to early Nov;	North Africa
			(2) rufinus	PV WV	Majority of PV are Buteo r. rufinus; passage most noticeable in E Desert and Sinai. Breeds in WGNP.	Eurasia
Rough-legged Buzzard	Buteo	lagopus	(1) lagopus	?	Egypt sightings rejected as ‘unusual color phases’ (morphs) of (Steppe) Buzzard and/or Long-legged Buzzard. 2 accepted records for Israel: Dovrat 8 Dec 1984 and Revadim 26 Jan 1985. Considered a vagrant/straggler to Israel.	Northern Eurasia east to Yenisey
Lesser Spotted Eagle	Aquila	pomarina		PV (WV)	Fairly common PV early Sep to late Nov, peaks late Sep to mid-Oct; (late Jan) late Feb to mid-May, peaks late Feb to early Mar (late Mar). A rare (WV).
Greater Spotted Eagle	Aquila	clanga			Rare PV WV mid-Sep to early May; no discernable peaks, but one of the most common WV Aquila in Egypt.	(monotypic)
Tawny Eagle	Aquila	rapax	belisarius	AV?	Apparently AV,1 verifiable specimen taken from Giza 20 Jan 1924. Other published records suspect, likely misidentified Steppe Eagle.	[includes raptor]
Steppe Eagle	Aquila	nipalensis	orientalis	PV (WV) (SV)	Fairly common PV early Sep to late Nov, peaks mid-Oct to early Nov; (late Jan) early Feb to mid-May, peaks late Mar to mid-Apr. Rare (WV) (SV).
Imperial Eagle	Aquila	heliaca		PV	1 at Ain Sokhna on 27 April 2008 by Tomas Haraldsson. One 1st year and 1 adult at Sharm el Sheich sewagee pools on 27 Nov 2008, by I.Moldován, Anne Hilts and Schyuler Van Dustin Hülts.2 at Ash Shellal area, SE Aswan 12 Jan 2008 by T.Haraldsson	(monotypic) [includes ricketti]
Golden Eagle	Aquila	chrysaetos	homeyeri		Rare RB NE Sinai, occasional elsewhere in Egypt. Wintering status is unclear (WV). Most recent sightings in Egypt, 9 Nov 2000, by Sherif M. Baha El Din and in 10 Sep 2004 (Tom Coles). 1 pair at Abu Simbel on 19 April 2002 byChris Cameron & Julie Dawson (OSME report)	North Africa, southern Europe, and from the Middle East to the Caucasus, Iran, and southern Transcaspia
Verreaux's Eagle	Aquila	verreauxii		RB	Rare RB presumably Sinai and SE Egypt. Rarely seen outside breeding areas.First observed in WGNP on 28 Oct 2003 and suspected to breed. Highly depends on Hyrax (Procarvia capensis).	(monotypic)
Booted Eagle	Hieraaetus	pennatus			Scarce PV (early) mid-Sep to mid-Nov (early Dec), peaks at Suez mid- to late Sep; mid-Mar to early Jun, peaks at Suez mid-Apr. A rare (WV).1	(monotypic) [includes harterti, milvoides]
Bonelli's Eagle	Hieraaetus	fasciatus	fasciatus	RB PV WV	Rare, local RB in SE Sinai and SE E Desert. Rare PV WV early Sep to late Apr.1 1st breeding record in WGNP, spring 2003. At Giza piramids by Ug Sorensen Februar, and again in May. 26 of July 2007 1 at Quena -Safaga road by Evans Lee Grant. 1 ad at Sharm el Sheich sewage pools on 27 Nov 2008 by I.Moldován, Anne and Schyuler Hilts.1 at Giza Pyramids by Tomas Haraldsson on 10 of Jan 2008 and one between Aswan and Edfu on 13 Jan 2008.
PANDIONIDAE
Osprey	Pandion	haliaetus	haliaetus	RB	A RB along the Red Sea coast and on islands. Scarce PV WV early Sep to early May. Excluding the Red Sea (resident pop), passage peaks late Sep to early Oct and in late March.	[includes friedmanni, mutuus]
FALCONIDAE
Lesser Kestrel	Falco	naumanni		CB PV WV	A CB in Northen part of Egypt. Scare autumn PV, early Sep to mid-Oct (mid-Nov); fairly common spring PV, (early Feb) early Mar to late Apr (mid-May), often in small flocks; no discernable peaks. Occasional (WV).	(monotypic) [includes pekinensis, sarmaticus]
Common Kestrel	Falco	tinnunculus	(1) tinnunculus	PV WV	Resident population supplemented by F. t. tinnunculus, a PV WV (early) mid-Sep to mid-May (early Jun) No discernable peaks.	North-west Africa and Europe east to central Asia [includes doerriesi, perpallida, stegmanni, ultratinnunculus]
			(2) rupicolaeformis	RB	F. t. rupicolaeformis is a fairly common RB in agricultural and urban habitats as well as coastal hotel grounds.	Egypt and Arabia to northern Sudan [includes buryi]
Red-footed Falcon	Falco	vespertinus			Scare PV (early) late Aug to early, (late) Nov, peaks in mid-Sep to early Nov. Rare PV mid-Mar to early Jun, peaks mid-May. One winter record (WV), a few summer records (SV). Known to cross the N Red Sea. Passes as singles or in flocks.Notoriously elusive during migration, due to broad front, very high altitude and night migration. Although in Israel long stopovers in cultivated areas with trees, max 2,246 on 4 October 1984, after rains which assumedly affected nocturnal migration across Med.	(monotypic)
Amur Falcon	Falco	amurensis			No records for Egypt1, but possibly overlooked PV? Surprising records in Med, Strait of Messina (Italy-Sicily) on 29 Apr 1995 and a further 4 spring records up to 2000 at same location.20 1st Israel record at Afula (N-C Israel) 3 Oct 2003. Records from Oman (8) and UAE (8), 14 Nov – 5 Aug 1995–2005, from mid-Nov to late Jan (9); late Mar to early Aug (7). Migratory behavior similar to Western sp, eg high alt, nocturnal. Autumn migration suspected to be more terrestrial; +/- 6,000km nonstop water crossing suspect, Brown et al (1982), “Could not cross Indian Ocean without several nights uninterrupted flight.” Adult ♂ unmistakable if white wing-linings seen, otherwise extremely like ♂ Western sp. Adult ♀ and dark-crowned juv likely mistaken for ♀ Hobby.	(monotypic)
Merlin	Falco	columbarius	aesalon	WV	A rare WV, mainly N Egypt, (late Sep) mid-Oct to mid- (late) Apr. Majority of visitors are F. c. aesalon.1	Europe and western Asia [includes regulus, alaunicus]
			insignis	WV		East Asia, vagrant south-east WP
Eurasian Hobby	Falco	subbuteo	subbuteo			[includes centralasiae, jakutensis, jugurtha, ussuriensis]
Eleonora's Falcon	Falco	eleonorae		PV	1 light morph at Giza (Alex.road) by Sharif Baha at 29 Apr.2008 around 4 pm, 1 juv at Ain Sokhna on 29 May 2004 by Tom Coles†	(monotypic)
Sooty Falcon	Falco	concolor		RB	Scare, locally common MB in rocky desert areas throughout Egypt and islands in the Red Sea, mid-Apr to late Nov; a few midwinter records (WV). On Red Sea Is breeding generally commences early Aug, most nestlings fledge by mid-Nov. Probable breeding interior mountains, 2 sites noted 10 Sep 2004. 3 pairs found breeding in Gilf Kebir on the way to Sillyca Glass Area (N 25 42 30 E25 28 40) on21 Sept. 2003 by Lajos Nemeth and Claire Spottiswoode.	(monotypic)
Lanner	Falco	biarmicus	(1) erlangeri	?		North-west Africa
			(2) feldeggii	PV	Resident pop supplement by WV, a few being F. b. feldeggii	Italy, Balkan countries, Greece, and Turkey [includes orlandoi]
			(3) tanypterus	RB	Scare RB, F. b. tanypterus breeding records 23 Feb to 22 May, in desert areas and along cultivation throughout Egypt. Breeds in WGNP.	Libya, Egypt, and southern Middle East
Saker	Falco	cherrug	(1) cherrug	PV (WV?)	Rare PV WV throughout Egypt, late Sep to late Apr. Most Red Sea coast records are from Oct, Nov and Mar, suggesting PV. One was seen between Bir Terfawi and ‘Uweinat by Prince Kemal el Din on his 1925 expedition. 1 at Crocodile Island ,Luxor by Mans Grundsten & Matti Eriksson,on 8 Dec 2004. Hungarian tagged birds are often trapped in Egypt and Lybia by illegal falconers(Matyás Prommer in coresp).	East-central and south-east Europe east to steppes of central Asia [includes aralocaspius, cyanopus, danubialis, gurneyi]
			(2) milvipes	pv wv ?	Not confirmed yet, but occured west to Turkey.	SE Siberia to central China wintering south to Iran east to eastern China.
Peregrine	Falco	peregrinus	brookei	PV WV	1 pair on 28 May 2004 at Ain Sokhna by Tom Coles†	Mediterranean basin east to Turkey, the Caucasus area, and the Crimea [includes caucasicus]
			peregrinus	PV WV	Rare PV WV throughout Egypt, mid-Sep to late Apr. No discernable migration peaks. Specimens of Falco p. peregrinus and F. p. calidus taken, but majority are an intermediate size and plumage coloration between the two forms.	Europe and western Asia (except tundras in north and except Mediterranean region) [includes brevirostris, germanicus, riphaeus]
			calidus	WV		Tundras of northern Eurasia, east to Lena River [includes caeruleiceps, leucogenys]
Barbary Falcon	Falco	pelegrinoides	pelegrinoides	RB PV?	Scare local RB; breeding records 27 Mar to 19 Apr. Presumed migrant over Suez 3 Nov 1981. ‘Possible breeding’ has been noted NE, SW and S of WGNP. Regularly observed between Hurghada S to Egypt/Sudan boarder	North Africa and Middle East, east to Iran [includes arabicus, punicus]
RALLIDAE
Water Rail	Rallus	aquaticus	aquaticus	RB PV WV		North Africa and Europe east to south-west Siberia and Middle East
Spotted Crake	Porzana	porzana		PV WV	1 ringed at Hurghada in spring 2007	(monotypic)
Little Crake	Porzana	parva		CB? PV WV		(monotypic) [includes illustris]
Baillon's Crake	Porzana	pusilla	intermedia	RB PV WV		North Africa and central and southern Europe, east to Rumania and Bulgaria
Corn Crake	Crex	crex		PV		(monotypic)
Common Moorhen	Gallinula	chloropus	chloropus	RB PV WV	All around Egypt where sweet water and reed exist.	[includes correiana, lucida, turkestanica, vestigialis]
Lesser Moorhen	Gallinula	angulata		AV	1ad ♂ 20 North of Abu Simbel on 6May 1997. Publ Sandgrouse 22(2) 2000	(monotypic)
Purple Swamp-Hen	Porphyrio	porphyrio	madagascariensis	RB		Egypt, Afrotropics, and Madagascar
Eurasian Coot	Fulica	atra	atra	RB WV		[includes japonica, turkestanica]
GRUIDAE
Common Crane	Grus	grus	grus	PV (WV)		Europe east to Urals
Crowned Crane	Balearica	pavonina		AV?	15 on an island near El Kab on 10 february 1908 and 3 days later another flock of 15 further south by Von Besserer. Unconfirmed records ner Gebel Elba include 5 observed in 1964 by I.Helmy and 3 of 4 shot in 1971 or 1972 (Mohamed Wafaei).	(monotypic)
Demoiselle Crane	Grus	virgo			2 at Hurghada in March 2004 by Istvan Moldovan, 2 at Abu Ramad on 1 of April 2008 by Sharif BD	(monotypic)
OTIDIDAE
Little Bustard	Tetrax	tetrax			(WV)	(monotypic) [includes orientalis]
Nubian Bustard	Neotis	nuba			Has been colected around 1830 in the Egyptian Sudan, outside of the actual borders of Egypt.	(monotypic)
Houbara Bustard	Chlamydotis	undulata	(monotypic)	FB (RB?)	Western Desert between Marsa Matruh and Salum	North Africa east to Nile
Macqueen's Bustard	Chlamydotis	macqueenii	(monotypic)	FB	Formely common breeding residents in Sinai and Eastern Desert. Last record in Wadi Quena 1 male shot in 18 October 1986.Extirpated	North-east Egypt, Arabia, and Middle East east to Mongolia
Great Bustard	Otis	tarda	tarda	AV	19March1992Salaheya(30°30'N32°07'E),1 ad♀ Publ.Sandgrouse14/2 1992	[includes korejewi]
ROSTRATULIDAE
Greater Painted-Snipe	Rostratula	benghalensis	benghalensis	RB	Nile Delta, Wadi Natrun, along the Nile Valley, Crocodile Island up to Abu Simbel. Local on Red Sea coastal swamps.
HAEMATOPODIDAE
Eurasian Oystercatcher	Haematopus	ostralegus	(1) ostralegus	PV WV		Western and northern Europe [includes malacophaga, occidentalis]
			(2) longipes	PV WV?	One specimen colected at Halaib (Giza Zoological Museum)	South-east and eastern Europe, south-west Siberia, and northernmost Kazakhstan [includes borysthenicus]

Family	Genus	Species	Subspecies	Status in Egypt	Comments & references about the occurrence in Egypt	Range and comments

RECURVIROSTRIDAE
Black-winged Stilt	Himantopus	himantopus	himantopus	RB PV WV	2 at SW Hurghada on 2 May 2008. Found to breed and photographed by Basma Sheeta at Damieta in June 2008.	[includes ceylonensis, meridionalis]
Pied Avocet	Recurvirostra	avosetta		FB PVWV		(monotypic)
DROMADIDAE
Crab Plover	Dromas	ardeola		RB PV WV	Reported to breed by Tom Coles† on the islands around Wadi Gamal.	(monotypic)
BURHINIDAE
Stone-Curlew	Burhinus	oedicnemus	(1) saharae	RB	An adult female of saharae was shot on 21 May 1910 (GZM 5381) and two eggs were taken from a nest (Nicoll, 1912). A newly hatched chick (BMNH 1965.M.3752) was collected on 15 April 1923 (Meinertzhagen, 1930). Moreau (1 927) was in the Kharga oasis from 7 to 9 and 14 to 16 April 1925, during that time he found a nesting pair.	North Africa, Mediterranean islands (uncertain whether also Sardinia and Sicily) , Greece, Cyprus, and the Levant east to western, central, and southern Turkey and Iraq [includes astutus, jordansi, theresae]
			(2) oedicnemus	PV WV	1 at Hurghada on Dec 2007 at Sewage Farm(at night).	Europe (except Mediterranean islands and Greece), the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, north-east Turkey, and north-west Iran
Senegal Thick-knee	Burhinus	senegalensis	inornatus	RB
GLAREOLIDAE
Egyptian Plover	Pluvianus	aegyptius		FB AV?		(monotypic)
Cream-coloured Courser	Cursorius	cursor	cursor	RB PV WV	Regulary seen in migration at Hurghada sewagee works.	Canary Islands and North Africa east to the Middle East, Arabia, and Iraq [includes bannermani, dahlakensis]
Collared Pratincole	Glareola	pratincola	pratincola	MB PV (WV)
Oriental Pratincole	Glareola	maldivarum		AV	Published by Sharif and Mindy Baha El Din	(monotypic)
Black-winged Pratincole	Glareola	nordmanni		PV	Rare on migration, most observations at April. One at Ain Sokhna in April 2006 with Tomas Haraldsson. 1 at Hurghada Sevage works on 28 March 2007 by Robert Lasecki	(monotypic) [includes melanoptera]
CHARADRIIDAE
Little Ringed Plover	Charadrius	dubius	curonicus	(MB) PV WV
Common Ringed Plover	Charadrius	hiaticula	(1) hiaticula	PV WV		North-east Canada, Greenland, and western Europe north to southern Scandinavia and Baltic coasts [includes harrisoni, psammodroma, septentrionalis]
Kittlitz's Plover	Charadrius	pecuarius		RB	Breeds at Abu Simbel an Wadi Natron, and also locally at Nile Delta.	(monotypic) [includes allenbyi]
Three-banded Plover	Charadrius	tricollaris	tricollaris	AV (CB?)	1 ex at Gebel Asfar,Cairo on 5-26 of March 1993, by Mashuq Ahmad and Martin Elliott,published by Richard Hoath in Sandgrouse 22(1) 200. 1 ex at Aswan on 14 of December1997 by Davidson&Kirwan in Sandgrouse 20:76-80. 1 ex at El Gouna golf course, on 13th of March 2006, observed and photographed by Tomas Haraldsson. 2 by Mary Megalli and Annie Sevin on Feb 2008 at Aswan(probably breeding). 2 at Tutamon village, Aswan by D. Lopez Velasco on 2nd August 2008 (source: www.netfugl.dk ).	vagrant to Egypt
Kentish Plover	Charadrius	alexandrinus	alexandrinus	RB PV WV		[includes spatzi]
Lesser Sand Plover	Charadrius	mongolus	(1) pamirensis	PV	1 at 50 km North of Berenice on 19 .09 .2007 by Ványi Robert and 1 at Hamata by Staffan Rodebrand and Bo Thoor at 19.09.2005.1 at Hamata Mangrove 3.12, 2004 and 1 at Bir Shalatayn harbour 4.12.2004 by Måns Grundsten & Matti Eriksson, Stockholm, Sweden.	Mountains of west-central Asia, migrant WP
			(2) atrifrons	PV	Not known which subspecies occurs in Egypt	Himalayas, vagrant WP
Greater Sand Plover	Charadrius	leschenaultii	columbinus	WV PV CB?		Central Asia Minor and Syria east through Transcaucasia and Iran to western Afghanistan
Caspian Plover	Charadrius	asiaticus		WV		(monotypic) [includes caspius]
Eurasian Dotterel	Charadrius	morinellus		WV		(monotypic)
Pacific Golden Plover	Pluvialis	fulva		AV	Petersen and Sorensen 1981b:British Birds, Sherif and Mindy Baha El Din. " in summer plumage at Ras Sukhair, by Ufe Sorensen in autumn 2008(pers com.)	(monotypic)
European Golden Plover	Pluvialis	apricaria		PV WV		(monotypic) [includes altifrons, oreophilus]
Grey Plover	Pluvialis	squatarola		PV WV		(monotypic) [includes cynosurae, hypomelus]

Spur-winged Lapwing	Hoplopterus	spinosus		RB		(monotypic)
Sociable Lapwing	Vanellus	gregarius		PV (WV)	1 at Dakhla Oasis 1994(Ahmed Riad) 1 at El Gouna 14 March 2008 by Stefan Magnusson and Olof Joensson olof.joensson@gmail.com (photo submitted)	(monotypic)
White-tailed Lapwing	Vanellus	leucurus		PV WV		(monotypic) [includes aralensis]
Northern Lapwing	Vanellus	vanellus		PV WV		(monotypic)
SCOLOPACIDAE
Red Knot	Calidris	canutus	canutus	(PV)		North-central Siberia, migrant and partly wintering in WP
Sanderling	Calidris	alba		(PV)		(monotypic)
Little Stint	Calidris	minuta		PV WV		(monotypic)
Temminck's Stint	Calidris	temminckii		PV WV		(monotypic)
Curlew Sandpiper	Calidris	ferruginea		PV (WV)		(monotypic) [includes testacea]
Dunlin	Calidris	alpina	(1) schinzii	PV WV	Some of the Egyptian specimesns apears to be "schnitzii" (BOE).	South-east Greenland, Iceland, and Britain east to southern Norway and Baltic
			(2) alpina	PV WV		Northern Fenno-Scandia and north Siberia, east to Yenisey
Broad-billed Sandpiper	Limicola	falcinellus	falcinellus	PV (WV)
Buff-breasted Sandpiper	Tryngites	subruficollis		AV	1 female colected at Quseir on 21 Feb 1928 (Meinertzhagen 1930).	(monotypic)
Ruff	Philomachus	pugnax		PV WV		(monotypic)
Jack Snipe	Lymnocryptes	minimus		PV WV	5 birds were ringed in late November 2007 at Hurghada sevage works by I.Moldován	(monotypic) [includes nipponensis]
Common Snipe	Gallinago	gallinago	gallinago	PV WV	One specimen ringed at Hurg Sewage works at16 March 2007 by Prezmyslaw Busse has been recovered at the same location at 11 Dec 2007 by I.Moldovan	Europe (except Iceland to Orkney) and northern Asia [includes raddei]
Great Snipe	Gallinago	media		PV (WV)	3 at Ras Sukheir bu Ufe Sorensen in October 2008(pers.com).1 at Naama Bay sewage plant by David Farrow at 13 Oct.2008	(monotypic)
Eurasian Woodcock	Scolopax	rusticola		WV		(monotypic) [includes indicus, ultimus]
Black-tailed Godwit	Limosa	limosa	limosa	PV WV		England and France east to central Asia
Bar-tailed Godwit	Limosa	lapponica	lapponica	PV WV
Whimbrel	Numenius	phaeopus	phaeopus	PV (WV)		Iceland to Scotland [sometimes separated as islandicus]; Scandinavia to Yenisey [phaeopus s.s.]
Slender-billed Curlew	Numenius	tenuirostris		(PV) (WV)	Last record from 20 of March 2004 at Hamata Mangrove by Stefan Rodebrand. Not acceptable withouth photo.	(monotypic)
Eurasian Curlew	Numenius	arquata	(1) arquata	PV WV		Northern and western Europe
			(2) orientalis	PV WV	2 ex summer at Ras Gemsa (Red Sea Coast) in July 2008. I.Moldován. 24 has been seen at Ras Gemsa on 2 August 2008 by I.Moldován.	Northern Siberia, on migration in WP
Spotted Redshank	Tringa	erythropus		PV WV		(monotypic)
Common Redshank	Tringa	totanus	totanus	PV WV		From England and Spain east through central and southern Europe to Urals and Caucasus area [sometimes separated as brittanica]; Fenno-Scandia and north-west European Russia [totanus s.s.]
Marsh Sandpiper	Tringa	stagnatilis		PV WV		(monotypic)
Common Greenshank	Tringa	nebularia		PV WV		(monotypic) [includes affinis]
Green Sandpiper	Tringa	ochropus		PV WV		(monotypic)
Wood Sandpiper	Tringa	glareola		PV WV		(monotypic)
Terek Sandpiper	Xenus	cinereus		PV	4 at Hamata Mangroves 3-5.12.2004 by Måns Grundsten & Matti Eriksson, Stockholm, Sweden.3 at El Gouna lagoons on april 2006 by Tomas Haraldsson and I.Moldován.	(monotypic) [includes terek]
Common Sandpiper	Actitis	hypoleucos		PV WV		(monotypic)
Ruddy Turnstone	Arenaria	interpres	interpres	PV WV		Northernmost Canada, Greenland, and northern Eurasia east to Alaska Caucasus area
Red-necked Phalarope	Phalaropus	lobatus		PV		(monotypic)
Red Phalarope	Phalaropus	fulicarius		(PV) (WV)		(monotypic)
STERCORARIIDAE
Pomarine Skua	Stercorarius	pomarinus		PV WV		(monotypic)
Arctic Skua	Stercorarius	parasiticus		PV WV	1 at SE Giftun Island on 14 April 2007 by Uwe-Stresse Borowa. Regulary seen at Hurghada (from Felfela restaurant) in spring. Personal obs with Tomas Haraldsson.	(monotypic)
Long-tailed Skua	Stercorarius	longicaudus	longicaudus	(PV)		Scandinavia to Lena delta
South Polar Skua	Stercorarius	maccormicki		AV	For referencee see Birds of Egypt, 1989	often considered a distinct species
LARIDAE
Sooty Gull	Larus	hemprichii		RB		(monotypic)
White-eyed Gull	Larus	leucophthalmus		RB		(monotypic)
Pallas's Gull	Larus	ichthyaetus		WV PV		(monotypic)
Mediterranean Gull	Larus	melanocephalus		WV		(monotypic)
Little Gull	Larus	minutus		WV		(monotypic)
Sabine's Gull	Larus	sabini		AV?	2 records at Zaranik: 29 of September 1973(Hovel 1987) and on 17 Sept 1980(Petersen and Sorensen 1981a). A specimen was taken at Tel Aviv (Israel) on 15 Jan 1939(Tel-Aviv University Museum)	(monotypic) [includes palaearctica, tschuktschorum, woznesenskii]
Black-headed Gull	Larus	ridibundus		PV WV		(monotypic) [includes lavrovi, sibiricus]
Grey-headed Gull	Larus	cirrocephalus	poiocephalus	AV?
Slender-billed Gull	Larus	genei		RB PV WV		(monotypic)
Audouin's Gull	Larus	audouinii		(PV)	Mediteranean Coast, only one obs at Gulf of Aqaba.	(monotypic)
Mew Gull	Larus	canus	(1) canus	WV		Europe east to White Sea
Lesser Black-backed Gull	Larus	fuscus	fuscus	WV		northern Norway and Baltic east to western Kola peninsula and western White Sea
Heuglin's Gull	Larus	heuglini	heuglini	PV	Sewage farm Hurghada,April 2007, with Ingo Weiss and Gudrun Hilgroth.	Southern Kola peninsula to Yenisey [includes antelius]
Steppe Gull (Baraba Gull)	Larus	barabensis	barabensis	PV WV	Dec 2008 at Sewage pools from Hurghada, 16 ex. Dick Forsman and Moldovan Istvan
Yellow-legged Gull	Larus	michahellis	michahellis	RB?	Probably this form breeds in the country according to Goodman and Meininger, 1989.	West coast of France and Morocco, and throughout Mediterranean basin

Caspian Gull	Larus	cachinnans		PV WV		Black Sea east to Kazakhstan [includes ponticus]
Armenian Gull	Larus	armenicus		PV WV		(monotypic)
Glaucous Gull	Larus	hyperboreus	hyperboreus	AV	Philips colected one male on 18 April 1914 at Aqaba, Jordan (Museum of Comparative Zoology,Cambridge,Massachusetts,USA)	[leuceretes may occur in the WP, depending on the taxonomic position of Icelandic birds]
Greater Black-backed Gull	Larus	marinus		AV?	Old unconfirmed records (eg.Von Heuglin 1973;Schrader 1892;Nicoll 1919;Bolam and Chapman 1930,Philips 1947;Paz 1987)	(monotypic)
Black-legged Kittiwake	Rissa	tridactyla	tridactyla	(WV)	1 at Aqabq port(Jordania) on 17 Nov 2008 by Dick Forsman (pers.com)	North Atlantic
STERNIDAE
Gull-billed Tern	Sterna	nilotica	nilotica	PV WV
Caspian Tern	Sterna	caspia		RB PV WV		(monotypic) [includes strenua, tschegrava]
Greater Crested Tern	Sterna	bergii	velox	RB?WV
Lesser Crested Tern	Sterna	bengalensis	(1) torresii	Status unknown	Breeding along the Mediteranean coast of Lybia. One specimen colected in the Gulf of Suez has been identified as this ssp(Cramp 1985).	Mediterranean, Persian Gulf, Pakistan, and Australasia [includes emigrata]
			(2) bengalensis	MB PV		Red Sea and Indian Ocean (except Arabian Sea) [includes arabicus, par]
Sandwich Tern	Sterna	sandvicensis	sandvicensis	PV WV		From Western Europe east to Caspian Sea
Roseate Tern	Sterna	dougallii	(1) dougallii	AV?	5 were observed on 6 May 1980 at Suez by Sharif Baha El Din.	Atlantic Ocean
			(2) bangsi	?		Western Indian Ocean and north-west Pacific Ocean [includes arideensis]
Common Tern	Sterna	hirundo	hirundo	PV		Europe, west Asia, and North America [includes turkestanicus]
Arctic Tern	Sterna	paradisaea		AV?	One hit the Damietta lighthouse on 5 Nov 1920 (Meinertzhagen) but recod not accepted. Observed in Israel, and one colected at Karthoum (Sudan)16 May 1982(Nikolaus 1989)	(monotypic)
White-cheeked Tern	Sterna	repressa		MB		(monotypic)
Bridled Tern	Onychoprion (formerly Sterna)	anaethetus	antarctica	MB		Red Sea to western Indian Ocean
Sooty Tern	Onychoprion (formerly Sterna)	fuscata	nubilosa	AV?	1 first year at Hamata on 18 09. 2005 by Staffan Rodebrand and Bo Thoor,	Southern Red Sea and Indian Ocean, vagrant WP. Record not unanimouslly accepted, withouth description or photograph.
Little Tern	Sterna	albifrons	albifrons	MB PV		North Africa and Europe to central Asia and India [includes innominata]
Saunders's Tern	Sterna	saundersi		AV	An adult with 4 Little Terns observed at close range roosting and fishing in afternoon of 22/7/06 in Suez Bay by Mark Lopez ( mark.lopez@tiscali.co.uk) , Chris Bell and Richard Taylor (England). Ibis (2005), 147: 821–826. IOC. Breeds Red Sea, Socotra, Gulf, winters further S, HBW3. Breeds SE Iran, SW Pakistan coasts R&A 2005.Egypt Avib, BOE	(monotypic)
Whiskered Tern	Chlidonias	hybrida	hybrida	PV WV		[includes leucopareia]
Black Tern	Chlidonias	niger	niger	PV WV		Eurasia
White-winged Tern	Chlidonias	leucopterus		PV WV		(monotypic)
Brown Noddy (Common)	Anous	stolidus	stolidus	AV?	An old specmen from Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique is labbeled "Égypte". Not now f it is from the actual teritory of Sudan.	vagrant to WP: collected in the waddensea near Husum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, early October 1912; rejected in Egypt and Israel [so far no WP record in Red Sea of pileatus]
African Skimmer	Rynchops	flavirostris		RB? PV	24 of Oct.2007 at new Aswan bridge, 2 ex by Mary Megalli. On 13 Jan 2008 on a sand bank south of Edfu 8 ex. by Tomas Haraldsson.	(monotypic)
ALCIDAE
Razorbill	Alca	torda	islandica or torda	AV	A dead one was found at at beach at Rameleh, near Alexandria in the winter of 1908-1909(Ticehurst 1902).	Iceland, Faeroes, Britain, Ireland, and western France [includes britannica]
PTEROCLIDIDAE
Lichtenstein's Sandgrouse	Pterocles	lichtensteinii	(2) lichtensteinii	RB		Middle East and eastern Egypt south to central Arabia and north-east Africa [includes abessinicus, arabicus, hyperythrus, nigricans]
Crowned Sandgrouse	Pterocles	coronatus	(1) coronatus	RB	Eastern Desert	Sahara east to Red Sea
			(2) vastitas	RB	Breeds Sinai	Sinai and Middle East
Spotted Sandgrouse	Pterocles	senegallus		RB		(monotypic)
Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse	Pterocles	exustus	(1) floweri	FB (RB?)		Northern Egypt (extinct)
Black-bellied Sandgrouse	Pterocles	orientalis	(1) orientalis	(WV)		North Africa, Iberia, Turkey, and western Iran
Pin-tailed Sandgrouse	Pterocles	alchata	caudacutus	AV (WV?)	One was colected at Rafa on 14th of Nov 1917(Goodman and Meininger 1989) and 1♀ at sewage pounds in Naama Bay at 18 Dec 2004, Publ Sandgrouse27(2) 2005	North Africa and western Asia [includes bogdanowi]
COLUMBIDAE
Rock Dove	Columba	livia	(1) livia	RB	Between Salum and Marsa Matruh (North Coast)	Canary Islands, northern fringe of North Africa (except Nile delta), and Europe east to Urals, western Turkey, and Cyprus [includes atlantis, canariensis]
			(2) dakhlae	RB		Dakhla and Kharga oasis (western Egypt)
			(3) schimperi	RB		Nile Valley of Egypt and northern Sudan [includes butleri]
			(4)palaestinae (formerly "gaddi")	RB		Sinai and Middle East from Syria and south-central Turkey to Arabia
Stock Dove	Columba	oenas	oenas	WV		[includes hyrcana]
Common Woodpigeon	Columba	palumbus	palumbus	AV	15May1997Kom Hamada,Beheira Gov(30°46'30°42E')Publ.Sandgrouse14/2 1991. Included on the list of birds of Sinai (Jom-Tov 1987)	North Africa, Europe, western Siberia, and the Middle East [includes excelsus, kleinschmidti, ghigii]
African Collared Dove	Streptopelia	roseogrisea	(2) arabica	RB	Gebel Elba, as far north as Wadi Gamal.	Coasts of southern Red Sea from extreme south-east Egypt to Somalia and from Saudi Arabia to Yemen
Eurasian Collared Dove	Streptopelia	decaocto	decaocto	RB	Invasive species, spreading along the green coridors formed by the resorts along the Red Sea. 2 pairs at Hurghada Sewage pools in 2006 (M.Istvan and Tomas Haraldsson) to 47 indivuduals counted at April 2008.	[includes stoliczkae]
European Turtle Dove	Streptopelia	turtur	(1) turtur	PV		Canary Islands, Europe (except the Balearic Islands), western Siberia, northern Levant, Cyprus, Turkey, and the Caucasus area [includes moltonii]
			(2) arenicola	PV		North-west Africa, Balearic Islands, southern Levant, and from Iraq east to central Asia
			(3) rufescens	RB		Oases in western desert of Egypt
			(4) isabellina	RB		Nile valley and delta, in Egypt and northern Sudan
Laughing Dove	Streptopelia	senegalensis	(1) phoenicophila	?	Hovel (1987) stated that had examined material referable to this ssp.	North-west Africa and (apparently introduced) Turkey and Syria
			(2) aegyptiaca	RB		Egypt, except extreme southern Nile valley [includes dakhlae]
			(3) senegalensis	RB		Afrotropics north to central Sahara and southern Egypt; also, western Arabia, Israel, and Jordan [includes sudanensis, thome]
Namaqua Dove	Oena	capensis	capensis	RB	Luxor (Abdul Youssef knows the breeding location).2007 Oct 13 at Soma Bay by Annie Sevin. All year roundl at Sworks Hurghada(juveniles seen).+ 4 ringed in April 2008. 1 fem at 26.04 2008 at Elephantine Island by Dick Hoeck. In march 2008 seen at resting place between Safaga and Luxor, Also in Wadi Abu el Had in spring 2007 by Graem Pegram and Gudrun Hilgerloth.. 3 were reported by Robson ? and Chris Kehoe at the overflow pool at the Sharm El Sheich Sewage Works NW of Naama on the 12th.Oct 2005. 3 at Luxor sewagee water plant on 15 Jan 2008 by Tomas Haraldsson.
PSITTACIDAE
Rose-ringed Parakeet	Psittacula	krameri	manillensis	IB	Breeds in the gardens of Cairo.1 at Hurghada on 28 Oct 2007by Dick Forsman and Moldován István. 1 at Naama Bay on 05.12.2000 was seen close to the beach below Mövenpick Hotel by Tommy Pedersen	Southern India and Sri Lanka, introduced WP
Alexandrine Parakeet	Psittacula	eupatria		IB	? Mindy Rosenzveig pers.com.
CUCULIDAE
Great Spotted Cuckoo	Clamator	glandarius	glandarius	MB PV	1juv at Wadi Lahami on 16 Sep 2007 by Vanyi Robert and Emri Tamas
Common Cuckoo	Cuculus	canorus	canorus	PV		Central, eastern, and northern Europe, the Middle East, and northern Asia [includes johanseni, kleinschmidti, telephonus, maximus]
Senegal Coucal	Centropus	senegalensis	aegyptius	RB
TYTONIDAE
Barn Owl	Tyto	alba	(1)erlangeri	RB	1 at Sinai, Nabaq area(Rihana Resort) on 26 Nov 2008(I.Moldován)	North Africa, southern Greece, Cyprus, southern Turkey, and from the Levant (Sinai)and Iran to Arabia [includes microsticta]
			(2)alba	RB		Britain, Ireland, France, and through southern Europe east to northern Greece and north-west Turkey; also, central Canary Islands.Continental part of Egypt
STRIGIDAE
Pallid Scops Owl	Otus	brucei	(1) exiguus	AV (WV ?)	1991 November in Taba, by Andrev Griew, 6 Dec 2008 Agilika Island by Istvan Moldovan (unpubl).	Israel, central Iraq, and southern Iran east to western Pakistan
			(2) obsoletus	?		Northern Syria, south-east Turkey, northern Iraq, and through northern Iran, Turkmenistan, and northern Afghanistan to lowlands of Uzbekistan
European Scops Owl	Otus	scops	(1) cycladum	PV WV	One burd taken at Matruh on 13 April 1973, aproach the plumage coloration of this form,	Southern Greece, southern Turkey east to the Çukurova area, and the Levant
			(2) scops	PV		France and Sardinia throughout central and southern Europe to the lower Volga river, northern Greece, northern Turkey, and Transcaucasia [includes vincii]
Pharaohs Eagle Owl	Bubo	ascalaphus	ascalaphus	RB	2007 and 2008 breeds at outskirts of Hurghada, nestlings ringed.Misonne described a single bird resident at Uweinat, in Karkur Tahl and Wadi Hanzul, between 08/11/1968 and 05/12/1968, and Clayton found one resident in a cairn at 27º00’N, 25º10’E (120 miles west of Dalla), and in the Sand Sea. 1 at Naama Bay on 01.12.2000. At Mövenpick Sport Hotel (Jolie Cinema) at 22:15by Tommy Pedersen.	Deserts of North Africa, Arabia, and Middle East, east to western Iraq
			desertorum	?
Byzantine Eagle Owl	Bubo	interpositus	interpositus	AV?	A "hybrid" specimen, intermediate between ascalaphus and interpositus has been colected at El Arish on 30 September 1918 (Giza Zoolocical Museum).	Western, northern, and north-eastern coasts of Black Sea east along lower Volga to Mangyshlak peninsula, Turkey, and from the Levant to north-west Iran and the Caucasus area [includes armeniacus, nativus, tauricus, transcaucasicus]
Little Owl	Athene	noctua	(1) saharae		Western Desert	Sahara [includes solitudinis]
			(2) glaux		C to South Sinai (Vaurie 1956	North Africa (north of saharae) and coastal Israel north to Haifa
			(3) lilith	RB	Sinai Peninsula, uncomon breeder in RS Mountains. One observed at Temple of Esna in March 2005 by István Moldován.	Cyprus, inland parts of Levant, south-east Turkey, and western and northern Iraq
			(4) spilogaster		One specimen taken at Gebel Elba approaches A. n. spilogaster from coastal Sudan and Eritrea	Coastal Sudan, Eritrea
Tawny Owl	Strix	aluco	sylvatica	AV?	Rejected by Meinertzhagen (1930). No more records, altough breeds N Israel.	Southern Europe east to the western half of Asia Minor, in west north to France and Britain [includes clanceyi]
Hume's Owl	Strix	butleri		RB	Breeds along the Red Sea Mountains and Sinai Peninsula. Personal observation W of Hurghada at Wadi Rashid on 24 December 2006.	(monotypic) Egypt along the Red Sea Mountains and Sinai
Long-eared Owl	Asio	otus	otus	RB PV WV	Breed in spring 2008 along the Cairo -Alexandria road( Sharif Baha El Din and Hala Barakat)	Azores, North Africa, and Eurasia [includes turcmenica]
Short-eared Owl	Asio	flammeus	flammeus	PV WV	Wingate collected a skeleton in the sand sea about 120 miles S of Farafra, at 27º30’N,25º35’E, on 04/03/1933 26.One at April 2008 at Hurghada Sewage Works. Seen at extreme south east Egypt as well.	[includes pallidus]
CAPRIMULGIDAE
Nubian Nightjar	Caprimulgus	nubicus	tamaricis	PV?	Breeds near Eilat, Israel.
			nubicus	MB?	Only known from Gebel Elba region
European Nightjar	Caprimulgus	europaeus	(1) meridionalis	PV	A male and female collected on 16 April 1923 (Meinertzhagen, 1930; BMNH 1965.M.5331-5332) may be referable to this form.	North Africa, southern Europe, Cyprus, Middle East, Caucasus area, and north-west Iran
			(2) europaeus	PV	Kiepenheuerand and Linsenmair (1965) saw this species on a few occasions between 19 and 27 September 1963 and collected a male 110 km north of Siwa on 16 September and a female in Siwa on 26 September that Steinbacher (1965) identified as nominate "europaeus".	Central and northern Europe east to central Siberia
			(3) unwini	AV	One bird colected on a ship off Port Said on 30 May 1930 was identified by Meinertzhagen to belong to this ssp.	East Iraq and Iran to foot of western Tien Shan
Egyptian Nightjar	Caprimulgus	aegyptius	(1) saharae	RB	1 ringed at Hurgada SW on 16 of March 2008 by Arthur Niemczyk.At least in spring and winter, is fairly common at Abu Simbel.	North Africa east to Nile valley
			(2) aegyptius	RB	Specimens of nominate aegyptius from Wadi Natroun include two adult females taken on 18 March 1910 and two adult males obtained on 25 March 1910 (all in GZM).	North-east Egypt, Middle East, and Arabia to west-central Asia [includes arenicolor]
APODIDAE
Alpine Swift	Apus	melba	(1) melba	PV (WV)		Northern Morocco and southern Europe east to Caucasus area and north-west Iran [includes obscurus]
			(2) tuneti	AV	One specimen colected on 31 Oct 1957 at El Dokki and one colected on 4 October 1917 at El Rafa belongs to "tunetti" ssp. British Museum (Tring).	North Africa (except northern Morocco), Lebanon, Syria, and from south-west Iran and Transcaspia east to western Pakistan, Alai ranges, Tien Shan, and Dzhungarian Alatau
Common Swift	Apus	apus	apus	PV	One female specimen collected at Wadi Natrun(UMMZ 207151) on 27 May 1984 out of a flock of about 20 , is referable to nominate "apus".	North Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and western and north-central Asia
Pallid Swift	Apus	pallidus	(1) pallidus	RB		Sahara, Egypt, and from the Levant east to Pakistan
			(2) brehmorum	MB?PV	Probably is the form breeding near Matruh and Western Desert.	Canary Islands, Madeira, coastal North Africa from Morocco to north-east Libya, southern Europe (except east coast of Adriatic Sea), north-west Turkey, Cyprus, and (perhaps this subspecies) southern Turkey
			(3) illyricus	PV		East coast of Adriatic Sea
Little Swift	Apus	affinis	(1) aerobates	(?)		Banc d'Arguin (Mauritania) to central Africa
			(2) galilejensis	(PV)	Psange visitor, mainly spring migrant along the Nile valley.Not known which ssp is migrating trought the country but " galilejensis" is probably on geographical ground.1 by Tom Coles at Cairo (above Nile) in April 2004, and one at Sharm el Sheich sewage pools by Dick Forsman on 21 Nov 2008.	Northern Africa and from the Middle East east to Uzbekistan and western Pakistan
African Palm Swift	Cypsiurus	parvus	parvus	AV?	4 birds were observed at Abu Simbel by Meinertzhagen in February 1928.	The record is no longer accepted, due to the recent discreditation of Meinertzhagen.

Family	Genus	Species	Subspecies	Status in Egypt	Comments & references about the occurrence in Egypt	Range and comments

ALCEDINIDAE
White-throated Kingfisher	Halcyon	smyrnensis	smyrnensis	RB WV	Spreading South along the Nile Valey in the last 5 years (Istvan Moldován 2008)
			semicaerulea	?	Further research needed.	vagrant to south-eastern WP
Common Kingfisher	Alcedo	atthis	atthis	RB PV WV		North-west Africa, southern and eastern Europe, Turkey, and from the Levant east to central Asia and Pakistan [includes margelanica, pallasii, pallida, suschkini]
Pied Kingfisher	Ceryle	rudis	rudis	RB (WV)		Egypt and Afrotropics
MEROPIDAE
Green Bee-eater	Merops	orientalis	(1) cleopatra	RB		Egypt
			(2) cyanophrys	AV	Probably vagrant from Israel where breeds. Several blue headed birds, referable to this ssp. has been observed near Taba.	Israel and through western Arabia to Yemen [includes meccanus]
			(3) viridissimus	AV?	Meinertzhagen (1930) reported that a bird collected near Gebel Elba is referable to this form.
Blue-cheeked Bee-eater	Merops	persicus	persicus	MB PV		Northern Egypt and Middle East, east to Kazakhstan and north-west India [includes erythraeus]
European Bee-eater	Merops	apiaster		MB PV	Rare breeder in NE Sinai. 1 at Sewage works of Sharm on 27 Nov 2008, and 1 at Sewage works of Hurghada on 25 Nov 2008.	(monotypic)
CORACIIDAE
European Roller	Coracias	garrulus	garrulus	PV	One at Sharm el Sheich by, Robson? and Chris Keohe on 14 October 2005.	North Africa, Europe, south-west Siberia, and northern Kazakhstan east to Ob' and western Altai, and in Turkey, the Levant, and north-west Iran [includes caucasica]
Abyssinian Roller	Coracias	abyssinicus		AV	A wing and tail of this migrant to the Sahel was found in Karkur Ibrahim at Uweinat on 22/11/19685.(Misonne). A was male taken on 14 February 1928 at AbuSimbil (BMNH 1965.M.6011; Meinertzhagen, 1930) and a bird collected in 1874 in "Egypt" (FMNH 40783)	(monotypic) [includes arabicus, minor] vagrant to Egypt
BUCEROTIDAE
African Grey Hornbill	Trockus	nasutus		Escape	Published by Robel D. (Zoology of the Middle East)	Transvaal, lowland Swaziland,Botswana and Zimbabwe, central and northen Namibia except the costal desert.
UPUPIDAE
Eurasian Hoopoe	Upupa	epops	(1) major	RB	Western Desert Oasis	Egypt, northern Chad, and northern Sudan
			(2) epops	PV		North-west Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and western Asia [includes loudoni, orientalis, renzoi]
PICIDAE
Eurasian Wryneck	Jynx	torquilla	(1) torquilla	PV (WV)		Northern and central Europe east to Bulgaria, Caucasus area, and (perhaps this subspecies) northern Turkey
			(2) tschusii	PV?	Two specimens collected at Bahig on 10 March and 18 April 1971 are referable to this ssp.( Goodman and Watson 1983)	Italy, Corsica, coastal zone of former Yugoslavia, and probably this race Greece and southern Iberia
Syrian Woodpecker	Dendrocopos	syriacus	syriacus	RB	Rare breeder in NE Sinai (Rafa). Observed in Wadi El Arish.	Central Europe, Balkan countries, western and southern Turkey, the Levant, and south-west Iran [includes balcanicus, romanicus]
ALAUDIDAE
Black-crowned Sparrow-lark	Eremopterix	nigriceps	melanauchen	RB	Breeds at Halaib triangle, in some year at Bir Shalatien. Abdul from Crocodile Island knows a breeding place at Luxor (West bank). Three were seen by Nicoll during the winter of 1912-1913 (Meinertzhagen, 1930) and an adult male (GZM 4457) was shot on 10 September 1911 ( see Nicoll, 19 12). Moreau (1934) mentioned a specimen collected by Bagnold on 3 October in the desert between Dakhla and Uweinat at 23O50'N, 27'40'E.	Coastal plains of western Red Sea from Sudan to Somalia, Arabia, and Iran to north-west India [includes affinis]
Dunn's Lark	Eremalauda	dunni	(1) dunni		Not recorded.	Sahara
			(2) eremodites	AV	4 or 5 were observed 10km SW of Nizanna along the Israeli border on 30 March 1978. 3 were notod at this locality on 22 Oct 1983 (Hovel 1978). One north of Nekhl on 17 March 1981.	Arabia north to southern Middle East
Bar-tailed Lark	Ammomanes	cinctura	arenicolor	RB		Sahara, Arabia, and Middle East
Desert Lark	Ammomanes	deserti	isabellinus	RB		Egypt (except Nile valley), north-east Sudan, and in Middle East from Israel and Jordan south to central Arabia [includes fraterculus; hijazensis??]
			deserti	RB		Central and southern Egyptian Nile valley
Greater Hoopoe Lark	Alaemon	alaudipes	alaudipes	RB		Africa and Arabia (in both, except coastal plains of southern Red Sea), and western part of Middle East
Dupont's Lark	Chersophilus	duponti	margaritae	RB	Meinertzhagen (192 1) observed this species in the desert 24 km south of Salum and in the desert north of Siwa.	Algeria on southern slope of Atlas Saharien and in northern Sahara, east through southern Tunisia and Libya to north-west Egypt
Thick-billed Lark	Rhamphocoris	clotbey		(PV)(WV)	Mostly in late spring along Cairo Suez road. One sighting west of Nile, at Marsa Matruh 16 Sept 1941 (Goodman and Watson 1983).	(monotypic)
Calandra Lark	Melanocorypha	calandra	(1) calandra	WV	Southernmost record at Wadi Adeib (Gebel Elba) on 22 Feb. 1985(Michigan Museum of Zoology-USA)	North Africa and southern Europe through Turkey and Caucasus area east to north-west and north Iran, western shore of Caspian Sea, and north-west Kazakhstan [includes hollomi]
Bimaculated Lark	Melanocorypha	bimaculata	rufescens	PV	Ringed each spring at Hurghada Sewage Work, from 14.03 to 13 May.One at the military checkpoint on the Dakhla – Bir Terfawi road (23º27’N, 28º59’S) on 18/03/2002by Lajos Nemeth.	Levant, western and central Asia Minor, and north-west Iraq
Greater Short-toed Lark	Calandrella	brachydactyla	(1) rubiginosa	?	I am not aware of specimens colected in Egypt, referable to this ssp.	North Africa east to north-west Egypt, except coastal strip of northern Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia
			(2) brachydactyla	RB		Narrow coastal strip of northern Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, as well as southern Europe east to Cyprus, western Turkey, Bulgaria, eastern Rumania, and Ukraine, north to western France, Italy, and coastal zone and south of former Yugoslavia [includes moreatica]
			(3) hungarica		Not recorded yet but possibly to be a PV on geographical ground.	Hungary and neighbouring parts of Slovakia, northern Serbia, and western Rumania
			(4) hermonensis	PV		Middle East north to Syria, extreme south-east Turkey, and central Iraq
			(7) longipennis	PV WV		Plains of south-east European Russia, and from Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and eastern Iran east to Tien Shan, north-west China, and northern Mongolia [includes orientalis]
Lesser Short-toed Lark	Calandrella	rufescens	nicolli	RB	1 at 15 of March 2008 at Hurghada SW-ringed by Artur Nyemczik	Nile Delta
Crested Lark	Galerida	cristata	(1)brachyura	RB	Can be a synonim of "altirostris".	Sinai, southern Israel, southern Jordan, and western and southern Arabia (except mountains of south-west)
			(2) festae	?	Not ecorded yet.	Coastal zone and hills of Cyrenaica (Libya)
			(3) altirostris	RB at Western Desert	Nicoll (1912) collected a large series during March 1910 and November 191 1, including a female (GZM 4721) on 23 March 1910 with "ovary containing large eggs." Further, Raw (1921) saw young being fed by adults in mid-May 1918. Qa: On 4 March 1976, this species was noted 2 km north of Qara, where they may breed (Goodman and Ames, 1983). Da: The only record we are aware of for this species in the oasis was on 7 September 1984 (SH, TIIHM).	North-east Libya and north-west Egypt
			(4) maculatus	RB		Egypt, except north-west, delta, and southern part of Nile valley
			(5) nigricans	RB		Nile delta (Egypt)
			(6) halfae	?	Lack of data.	Nile valley of southern Egypt and northern Sudan
Wood Lark	Lullula	arborea	(1) pallida	WV		North-west Africa and southern Europe from central, southern, and eastern Spain, Corsica, central Italy, Balkan countries, and Greece through Turkey, Crimea, Levant, and Caucasus area to Iran and Turkmenistan [includes flavescens, wettsteini]
			(2) arborea	WV		West, central, and northern Europe
Eurasian Skylark	Alauda	arvensis	cantarella	WV		Southern Europe, from north-east Spain and southern France through Italy, southern Hungary, Balkan countries, Rumania south and east of Carpathians, and Greece, east probably to western and central Turkey
Oriental Skylark	Alauda	gulgula		AV (WV?)	At Sharm El Sheich by Ingo Weiss between 26 Oct and 4 Nov 2007. Observation submitted to Egybirdgroup@yahoogroups.com	(ssp. unknown, near inconspicua; breeding grounds unknown, in winter in Israel)
Temminck's Lark	Eremophila	bilopha		RB		(monotypic)
HIRUNDINIDAE
Sand Martin	Riparia	riparia	(1) riparia			North-west Africa, Eurasia, and North America, south to Turkey, Caucasus area,northern Kazakhstan and Altai
			(2) shelleyi	MB		Egypt
			(3) eilata	?	Described by Hadoram Shirihai (1982) but not unanimously accepted	Probably Syria and elsewhere in Middle East, migrant Israel
Pale Martin	Riparia	diluta		PV	Some birds caught at Hurghada sewage works, are likely to be Pale Martins (István Moldován). Specimens examined of' diluta include a male and female (BMNH 1965.M.8263-8264) taken on 14 April 1923 at Wadi Natron.	(monotypic) Transcaspia and eastern Iran, east to south-central Siberia (where overlapping riparia without apparent interbreeding), migrant Middle East
Rock Martin	Ptyonoprogne	fuligula	(1) arabica	?	A single bird collected at Gebel Elba is intermediate in size between obsoleta and arabica (British Museum, Tring,UK)	Sudan, south-west Arabia, and northern Somalia, north to extreme southern Egypt
			(2) obsoleta	RB		Egypt, southern Middle East, Arabia (except south-west and coastal zone of south-west Arabian Gulf), and south-west Iran
Eurasian Crag Martin	Ptyonoprogne	rupestris		(PV) (WV)		(monotypic)
Barn Swallow	Hirundo	rustica	(1) rustica	PV		North Africa (except Egypt), Europe, and Middle East (except Levant) to central Asia
			(2) savignii	RB		Egypt, restricted to Nile Valley and Delta
			(3) transitiva	PV		Lebanon, southern Syria, Israel, and western Jordan
Ethiopian Swallow	Hirundo	aethiopica		AV?	One claimed record from Shams Alam (Wadi Gamal)by Staffan Rodebrand on 19 March 2004. Withouth photo the record is not acceptable.The species has been recorded in Israel.	(Race of vagrant WP either aethiopica or amadoni)
Wire-tailed Swallow	Hirundo	smithii		AV	1995 March- Data published in : Killian Mullarney,Lars Svensson,Dan Zetterström,Peter J.Grant-Bird Guide,The most Complete Field Guide To the Birds of Britain and Europe, HarperCollins,London,1999 . One more record published in Sandgrouse (Ashleigh Rosier ).
Red-rumped Swallow	Hirundo	daurica	(1) rufula	PV (WV)		North Africa and southern Europe east to west-central Asia
			(2) daurica	PV	90% of the specimens ringed at Hurghada sewage works in spring 2008 are indicating this ssp., on the basis of tail lenght (M.Istvan and Arthur Nyemczik unpublished).	Eastern Asia, vagrant WP
Common House Martin	Delichon	urbica	urbica	PV (WV)
MOTACILLIDAE
Richard's Pipit	Anthus	richardi		WV	Found to be a regular winter visitor to El Gouna Golf Course by Tomas Haraldsson. On 23 March 2007 atEl Gouna golf course, one by Colin Richard. 3 at Wadi Natrun on 11 Oct 2008 by David Farrow.	(monotypic)
Tawny Pipit	Anthus	campestris	campestris	PV WV
			griseus	PV	80% of the birds ringed at Hurghada sewage works, belong to this form. Longer hind claws, sandy brown birds.Further details fom I.Moldován idegenvezeto@yahoo.com
Long-billed Pipit	Anthus	similis	nivescens	RB	Breeds in NE Gebel Elba 22°13'N36°23'E Publ Sandgrouse23(1) 2001
Tree Pipit	Anthus	trivialis	trivialis	PV		Wales, north-west England, and Scotland [sometimes separated as salomonseni]; rest of Europe and Middle East east to middle Yenisey basin, Caucasus area, and northern Iran [sometimes separated as trivialis s.s., including differens]; Central and eastern Siberia east from about Irtysh basin through Altai to northern Mongolia, Transbaikalia, and Lena Basin, migrant WP [sometimes separated as sibirica]; mountains of west-central Asia (Afghanistan and Pamir-Altai to Tien Shan and Tarbagatay), vagrant WP [sometimes separated as schlueteri]
Meadow Pipit	Anthus	pratensis		PV WV		(monotypic) Ireland and western and northern Scotland north to Shetlands [sometimes called whistleri, includes theresae]; south-east Greenland, most of Europe, and west Siberia [pratensis s.s.]
Red-throated Pipit	Anthus	cervinus		PV WV		(monotypic)
Water Pipit	Anthus	spinoletta	coutellii	PV WV		Asia Minor, Caucasus area, northern Iran, and south-west Turkmenistan
Buff-bellied Pipit	Anthus	rubescens	japonicus	WV	1 at Sharm and 1 migrating at Ras Mohamed by Ingo Weiss between 27 Oct-4 Nov 2007. 1 at St Katherine (El Malakeh Area) on 27 Nov 2008 by I.Moldován, Schuyler Van Dustin Hülts, and Anne Hilts.1 to 3 birds by Björn Malmhagen at early November 2008 in Sharm El Sheich.	Central and eastern Siberia, migrant WP
Yellow Wagtail	Motacilla	flava	(1) pygmaea	RB		Egypt
			(2) cinereocapilla	PV		Tunisia, Italy except southeast (Apulia), eastern part of Mediterranean coast of France, and western Slovenia
			(3) flava	PV		Central Europe, from western France, Netherlands, and southern Norway east to central European Russia, north to southern Sweden and St Petersburg area, south to central France, Alps, northern Ukraine, and through Pannonian plain to north-west Rumania
			(4) thunbergi	PV		Northern Europe and north-west Asia, north of flava and beema, east to Yenisey
			(5) beema	PV	Several at the Sewage farm(Hurghada) on 2 May 2008. One ringed in spring 2008 at Hurghada sewage works. Ringing details at Red Sea Rangers office at Hurghada or Actia Baltica (Gdansk, Poland).	East of flava, from central-east European Russia through northern Kazakhstan and south-west Siberia to upper Yenisey and Altai
			(6) feldegg	PV		Apulia in southeastern Italy, Balkan countries and Greece east through Turkey and southern Ukraine to western shore of Caspian Sea, Iran (except north-east), and Middle East; including melanogrisea from northern and eastern shore of Caspian Sea, east through Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and north-east Iran to west-central Asia
Citrine Wagtail	Motacilla	citreola	citreola	AV?	One record at Lake Bardawil, near Bir el Abd on 19 April 1985. Regular autumn and spring migrant at Eilat, Israel.	Baltic countries, Belarus, and northern Ukraine east through central European Russia to south-west Siberia (east to upper Yenisey) and northern Kazakhstan; apparently this race isolated in Turkey, and perhaps Transcaucasia and elsewhere in south-east Europe [often called werae]; northern Eurasia and eastern Asia, east of the White Sea and north-east European Russia [citreola s.s.]
Grey Wagtail	Motacilla	cinerea	cinerea	PV	1 at 29 February 2008 at Hurghada by Kelemen A.Marton	Canary Islands, north-west Africa and Europe, east to Caucasus area, Iran, south-west Turkmenistan, Urals and Afghanistan to northern and eastern Asia [includes canariensis, caspica and melanope]
White Wagtail	Motacilla	alba	alba	PV WV		Europe, from Iberia, France, Netherlands, Iceland, and Norway east to Levant, western half of Turkey, lower Volga, and Urals; including dukhunensis: West Siberia from Urals and basin of Lower Ural river east to Yenisey, south to northern Kazakhstan; apparently this subtle race eastern half of Turkey, Caucasus area, and north-west and northern Iran
African Wagtail	Motacilla	aguimp	vidua	RB	Several birds has been photographed at Abu Simbel on 26 Feb2008 at the "airport bay" by Kelemen A. Marton and Tamas Papp (Milvus group, Romania)
PYCNONOTIDAE
White-spectacled Bulbul	Pycnonotus	xanthopygos		RB	Sinai Only untill Suez canal.	(monotypic)
Common Bulbul	Pycnonotus	barbatus	arsinoe	RB	Along the Nile Valley.	Egypt and southern fringe of eastern Sahara
BOMBYCILLIDAE
Grey Hypocolius	Hypocolius	ampelinus		AV (WV)	1 at Shamsa Alam on 1 Jan 2007 by Jan Kiel, 2 at Quseir by Terry Mitcham on 14 February 2008, and 3 at Aswan King Tut Village on 24 of Feb by Mary Megalli and Anie Sevin.	(monotypic)
PRUNELLIDAE						Northern and eastern Asia Minor, Crimea, and Caucasus area to northern Iran (except east) [includes erwini, krymensis, talyschensis]
Dunnock	Prunella	modularis	(1) obscura	(WV)		South of former Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria
			(2) modularis	(WV)		Northern and eastern Turkey, Caucasus area, Iran, and south-west Turkmenistan [includes caucasicus, hypanis]
TURDIDAE
Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin	Cercotrichas	galactotes	(1) galactotes	MB PV (WV)	Late April to mid May, dayly seen at Sevage works Hurghada (2 ringed in april 2008)	North Africa from Morocco to Egypt, Iberia, southern France (formerly), and in southern Levant north to southern Syria and Israel
			(2) syriacus	PV		Balkan countries, Greece, western and southern coastlands of Turkey, and Levant south to Lebanon
Black Scrub Robin	Cercotrichas	podobe	podobe	RB	29 Jan 1896 Cholmley, near Gebel Elba (rejected by Goodman&Meininger 1989).Misonne reported one from Wadi Tahl, ’Uweinat, on 04/11/1968. A single bird in Nuweiba in 1993 and one in Naama Bay on Jan 31. 1997. 1ad on 3rd of November 2000 in Gebel Elba(Wadi Adeib) by Saharif MBD, one adult from 24 of Nov 2006 to 20.02.2007 in Shamsa Alam Hotel by Mary Megalli, Sharif and Mindy BD, Steve Moldovan and Jan K. 1 at El Gouna Rihana Resort from February to end March 2008 by Stefan Magnusson and Steve Moldován.	Northen Afrotropics, Sudan, up to Gebel Elba mountains (extreme SE Egypt).
			melanoptera	AV (CB?)	The birds observed in Sinai can not be excluded to belong to this form.	North-east Turkey, Caucasus, and Transcaucasia [includes ciscaucasicus]
European Robin	Erithacus	rubecula	rubecula	WV		Europe and North Africa, in southern former USSR east to Crimea and Taman Peninsula, in Middle East to central Turkey and Levant
Thrush Nightingale	Luscinia	luscinia		PV
Common Nightingale	Luscinia	megarhynchos	(1) megarhynchos	PV		Eastern Turkey and Caucasus area east through north and south-west Iran to western Turkmenistan [includes transcaucasica]
Siberian Rubythroat	Luscinia	calliope		AV	Autumn 1993 Hurghada Bull Orn Soc Middle East 32:44 – Dutch Birding 15:280 by Gerald Driessens	monotypic) [includes anadyrensis , beicki, camtschatkensis , sachalinensis]
Bluethroat	Luscinia	svecica	(1) cyanecula	PV WV	Ringed at Hurgada by István Moldován.	Central Europe, from eastern and northern France, Belgium, and Netherlands east to Carpathian basin, north-west Ukraine, central Belarus, and westernmost European Russia; perhaps this race northern Iberia [includes caucasica, obscura, wolfi]
			(2) svecica	PV WV	Ringed at Hurgada by István Moldován.One of the most common winter visitor passerines.	Northern Eurasia and Alaska, south to north European Russia and central and northern Urals, locally in mountains of central Europe [includes gaetkei, robusta]
			(3) volgae	PV WV ?	In winter plumage is hard to separate it from "pallidogularis" if not impossible.	North-east Ukraine and central European Russia east to central Volga river, south to lower Don and lower Volga [includes grotei, occidentalis]
White-throated Robin	Irania	gutturalis		WV		monotypic
Black Redstart	Phoenicurus	ochruros	(1) gibraltariensis	PV WV		North-west Africa, and western and central Europe, north from northern Spain, Sicily, and Greece, east to Estonia, Ukraine, and probably westernmost Asia Minor
			(6) phoenicuroides	AV?	One specimen colected at Giza on 16 February 1901 is referable to this ssp(Meinrtzhagen1930)	Central Asia from Tien Shan to Mongolia, vagrant WP
Common Redstart	Phoenicurus	phoenicurus	(1) phoenicurus	PV (WV)		North-west Africa, Europe, and northern Asia, in south-east Europe south to north of former Yugoslavia and to Rumania and Ukraine (except Crimea)
			(2) samamisicus	PV (WV)	North Coast. A number of specimen taken here are referable to this ssp (National Museum of Natural History, Washington, USA)	South of former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Turkey, Crimea, and from Caucasus area east through Iran to Turkmenistan, south-east Uzbekistan, and southern Tadzhikistan
Blackstart	Cercomela	melanura	(1) airensis	RB?	One was seen by Misonne in the upper reaches of Karkur Hamid, ’Uweinat, on 07/12/1968 and 30/12/19685. On geographical grounds can be this form, but also "lypura".	Southern fringe of central Sahara north to Tibesti (Chad)
			(2) lypura	RB	Near Gebel Elba	South-east Egypt and east Sudan to north-east Ethiopia
			(3) melanura	RB	This form occurs in Sinai.	Dead Sea depression south to northern and inland southern Arabia
Whinchat	Saxicola	rubetra		PV		(monotypic) [includes margaretae, spatzi, senguni, and noskae]
Common Stonechat	Saxicola	rubicola	(1) maurus	WV	1 by Dick Forsman in 15 Nov 2008 at Hurghada sewage farm. Observed previously by Tomas Haraldsson.	Northern and eastern European Russia east to Yenisey basin and north-west Mongolia, south to northern Kazakhstan, and through mountains of north-central Asia to Pamir-Alai system, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, and north-east Iran
			(2) rubicola	PV WV	Most common form in Egypt.	North-west Africa and southern and central Europe (except for area inhabited by hibernans), east to western and northern Turkey, western Transcaucasia, western Caucasus, and Ukraine [includes graecorum, gabrielae, amaliae]
			(3) variegatus	PV WV		Eastern Caucasus, north-east Transcaucasia, and along western and northern shore of Caspian Sea north to lower Ural river
			(4) armenicus	PV WV	One male observed by Ingo Weiss in spring 2007.	South-east Turkey, south-west and northern Iran, and south-central Transcaucasia
Pied Bushchat	Saxicola	caprata	rossorum	AV	One male observesd in El Gouna in 2 of October 2006 by Jan Weinbecker and Birte Grossmann, and on 3 of Oct by Kai Gauger and Christoph Völlm christoph.voellm@gmx.de
Isabelline Wheatear	Oenanthe	isabellina		PV WV		(monotypic)
Northern Wheatear	Oenanthe	oenanthe	(1) seebohmi	AV		(monotypic)
			(2) libanotica	?		Southern Europe from Iberia east through Greece, Turkey, and Levant to Transcaucasia and Iran, north to Pyrénées, Alps, west and south of former Yugoslavia, southern and eastern Rumania, southern Ukraine, and Caucasus, and in Transcaspia from Tien Shan, Dzhungaria, Mongolia, and Tuva east to Transbaikalia and western Manchuria [includes argentea, nivea, virago]
			(3) oenanthe	PV		Northern Eurasia and Alaska, east from Faeroes, Ireland, and France, north of libanotica [includes rostrata]
Pied Wheatear	Oenanthe	pleschanka		PV WV		(monotypic) [includes hendersoni]
Cyprus Wheatear	Oenanthe	cypriaca		PV WV	One male at Abu Simbel on January 18th 2003 by Tomas Haraldsson. 1 at El Gouna in April 2008 by Stefan Magnusson	(monotypic)
Black-eared Wheatear	Oenanthe	hispanica	(1) hispanica	PV		North Africa and south-west Europe east to Italy (except extreme south) and western Slovenia
			(2) melanoleuca	PV (WV) MB?		Southern Italy and from former Yugoslavia east to eastern Caspian Sea and Iran [includes amphileuca, caterinae, gaddi, xanthomelaena]
Desert Wheatear	Oenanthe	deserti	(1) homochroa	RB PV WV	Western Desert	North Africa and Sinai to western Negev (Israel)
			(2) deserti	RB PV WV	Sinai and probably Eastern Desert	Southern Middle East (except western Negev), east to Iraq
			(3) atrogularis	PV		Transcaucasia and Iran to Tien Shan, Dzhungaria (north-west China), and Mongolia, north of Pamir and Tarim basin [includes salina]
Finsch's Wheatear	Oenanthe	finschii	finschii	WV	In Quatara depresion a male (sexed by plumage, although noted on data tag as female) was collected on 11 May 1975 at El Moghra (Goodman and Ames, 1983).	Eastern Bulgaria, western and central Turkey, and Levant
Mourning Wheatear	Oenanthe	lugens	(1) halophila	RB	Publ Sandgrouse 2000 Vol 22(2) Brreds around Quatarra Depresion	(monotypic) North Africa east to Libya
			(2) lugens	RB	Common breeder in Eastern Desert and Sinai	Eastern Egypt and inland southern Middle East to north-west Arabia
			(3) persica	(WV or AV)	A bird collected in Quseir on 21 Feb 1928 is referable to this ssp(Meinertzhagen)	North-east Iraq and Iran (valid?)
Red-rumped Wheatear	Oenanthe	moesta	moesta	RB	North Coast, west of Alexandria	North Africa [includes theresae]
Kurdish Wheatear	Oenanthe	xanthoprymna		WV	22 Feb 2008 Giza, by Kelemen Marton (photographed) 1 male at Khufu Pyramid on 10 Jan 2008 by T.Haraldsson	Middle East
Red-tailed Wheatear	Oenanthe	chrysopygia		AV		(monotypic) South-east Turkey and western foothills of Zagros mountains (south-west Iran) [includes cumingii]
Red-tailed Wheatear	Oenanthe	monacha		RB		(monotypic) Eastern Turkey (probably) and southern Transcaucasia through Iran (east of western foothills of Zagros) to Afghanistan, western Pakistan, and southern Tadzhikistan [includes kingi]
White-crowned Wheatear	Oenanthe	leucopyga	(1) aegra	?		North Africa east to Nile valley
			(2) leucopyga	RB	ssp."ernesti" seems to breed in Sinai.	Eastern Egypt, eastern Sudan, southern Middle East, and Arabia [includes ernesti]
Rufous-tailed Rock Thrush	Monticola	saxatilis		PV (WV)		(monotypic) [includes centralasiae, coloratus, turkestanica]
Blue Rock Thrush	Monticola	solitarius	(1) solitarius	CB? PV WV		North-west Africa and southern Europe, south to Sardinia, northern Italy, Albania, and northern Greece, and probably through northern Turkey to western Transcaucasia and south-east Caucasus [includes scorteccii]
			(2) longirostris	PV WV ?	Acording to Meinertzhagen (1930)this form is more abundant form on spring migration.	Southern Italy, Sicily, southern Greece (including Crete and Aegean islands), western and southern Asia Minor, Cyprus, Levant, south-central Transcaucasia, Iraq, and Iran east to western Afghanistan and west Pakistan [includes behnkei]
Ring Ouzel	Turdus	torquatus	(1) alpestris	(WV)	1 at adi Dome by Mary Megalli on13 Nov 2004(ssp unknown)	Southern and central Europe, east to Carpathians, Bulgaria, and north-west Asia Minor
			(3) amicorum	AV	Two specimens colected at St.Katherine on 3 March 1928 are referable to this form.(Meinertzhagen 1930;British Museum)	Eastern and (probably this race) southern Turkey, Caucasus area, and northern Iran to south-west Turkmenistan
Common Blackbird	Turdus	merula	(1) syriacus	RB WV	Sinai. Blackbird has ben unknown to breed in Egypt until mid 1970.	Crete, Rhodes, southern Turkey, Levant, Egypt, Iraq, Iran (except northwest and Caspian lowlands), and south-west Turkmenistan [includes insularum]
			(2) merula	RB WV	Nile Valley and Delta (even Cairo).1 female at Wadi Dome by Mary Megalli and I.Moldován in 19 Dec 2008.	Europe, from northern Iberia, Sardinia, Sicily, mainland Italy, north of former Yugoslavia, Carpathians, and western and northern Ukraine north to Scotland and Fenno-Scandia, and through central European Russia east to central Urals
Fieldfare	Turdus	pilaris		WV	One at 6 of Dec 2007 at Swevage works Hurghada (I.Moldován and Lajos Németh) 1 at Zafarana in Nov 2007(I.Moldován,Lajos Németh,Mary Megalli).	(monotypic) [includes subpilaris, tertius]
Song Thrush	Turdus	philomelos	philomelos	WV		Continental Europe (except area occupied by clarkei) east to west Siberia and northern Iran [includes brehmii, distinctus, nataliae]
Redwing	Turdus	iliacus	iliacus	(WV)		Britain and Norway to eastern Asia
Mistle Thrush	Turdus	viscivorus	viscivorus	(WV)		Europe (except Corsica and Sardinia) to west Siberia, Caucasus area, and northern Iran [includes bithynicus, hispaniae, jordansi, jubilaeus, loudoni, precentor, tauricus, uralensis]
Black-throated Trush	Turdus	ruficollis	atrogularis	AV	1 male collected in autumn 1833 in Sinai(Naturhistoriska Riksmuseets,Stockholm,Sweden). One male on 3 January 1982 was observed at El Arish (Baha el Din 1984a).

Family	Genus	Species	Subspecies	Status in Egypt	Comments & references about the occurrence in Egypt	Range and comments

SYLVIIDAE
Cetti's Warbler	Cettia	cetti	(?)orientalis	AV	Probably this ssp has been observed at Sharm el Sheich( Birds of Egypt, 1989). 1 at El Tur (Sinai) by Andrew Lassey on 22 November 1992.	Central and eastern Turkey, Levant, Caucasus area north along western Caspian to Volga delta, western and northern Iran, and westernmost Turkmenistan [includes interposita]

Zitting Cisticola	Cisticola	juncidis	(1) neuroticus	RB?	If exist a breeding population in Eastern Sinai, probably is referable to this form.	Southern coastlands of Turkey, Cyprus, Levant, Iraq, and south-west Iran [includes annae]
			(2) cisticola	RB	Nile Valley, south to Aswan.	North-west Africa, Egypt, Iberia including Balearic Islands, western France and possibly some offshore Italian islets [includesin termedia, jordansi, mauritanica]
Graceful Prinia	Prinia	gracilis	(1) natronensis	RB		Wadi el Natrun (northern Egypt)
			(2) gracilis	RB		Nile valley from Cairo to central Sudan and in El Faiyum oasis (Egypt)
			(3) deltae	RB		Nile delta, northern Sinai, western Israel, and western Lebanon
			(4) palaestinae	RB		Eastern Sinai, north-west Arabia, eastern Israel, Jordan, eastern Lebanon, and southern Syria
Scrub Warbler	Scotocerca	inquieta	(1) inquieta	RB		Egypt east of Sinai, and inland of southern Middle East south to northern Saudi Arabia [includes innesi]
			(2) saharae	RB? PV	Breeds in Cyrenaica (Lybia) and maybee Salum (Egypt)	South-east Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya [includes harterti]
Common Grasshopper Warbler	Locustella	naevia	(1) naevia	AV?	Very few observationsin Egypt. 4 were ringed at Eilat(Israel) in autumn 1986(Hadoram Shirihai).	Western Europe east to western European Russia
			(2) obscurior	?		North-east Turkey and Caucasus area
River Warbler	Locustella	fluviatilis		PV	None was captured in 2 consecutive years at Hurghada Sewage works. Young ringer has confused the	(monotypic)
Savi's Warbler	Locustella	luscinioides	(1) luscinioides	PV (WV)	It is present in Hurghada from 3 of February, maybee a little earlier, at least the males.One specimen recaptured until 16 February.	North-west Africa and through southern and central Europe east to Balkan countries (except north-east Bulgaria and eastern Rumania), Greece, Ukraine, and western European Russia
			(3) fusca		Ringed at Hurgada in spring. 25 % of the ringed Savi's Warbler are related to this species, at least at Hurghada sewage works.	Asia Minor, Levant, Iran, and from south-east Urals, Emba river, and Transcaspia east to western Mongolia
Thick-billed Warbler	Acrocephalus	aedon	aedon	PV	1 on 20 of November 1991 at St.Katerine Monastery(Sinai).Published in Sandgrouse 14/2 1992 by Andrew Grieve
Moustached Warbler	Acrocephalus	melanopogon	(1) melanopogon	PV WV?		Tunisia, Corsica, Italy, Balkan countries, and Greece east to eastern Ukraine and western Asia Minor, and (perhaps this race) Morocco, eastern Spain, southern France, and Balearic Islands
Sedge Warbler	Acrocephalus	schoenobaenus		PV (WV)		(monotypic)
European Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus	scirpaceus	(1) scirpaceus	PV		North-west Africa and from western Europe east to central European Russia, lower Don' and Kuban' rivers, Crimea, and western Asia Minor [includes intermedius]
			(2) fuscus	PV		Central and eastern Asia Minor, Levant, Transcaucasia, Iraq, and from Iran, shores of Caspian Sea, and lower Volga east to west-central Asia [includes macronyx]
(African) Mangrove Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus	(baeticatus)	avicenniae	?	Specie status uncertain, see ASH et al. (1989) and et al (1997). Probably breed at the mangroves south of Haley. Several uncertain sightings, which can be easily migrating European Reed Warblers, north of Halaib triangle. Further research needed.
Marsh Warbler	Acrocephalus	palustris		PV		(monotypic) [includes laricus, turcomana]
Blyth's Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus	dumetorum		(AV?)	One was ringed at the sewage worksHurghada , by Jacek Krucsek on.2007 May 02 . Photos in possession of I.Moldovan but strongly doubt that it is a Hippolais pallida. One claimed record from the early '70 from St.Katherine (see Birds of Egypt, 1989).	(monotypic) [includes turanicus]
Aquatic Warbler	Acrocephalus	paludicola		AV?	Hurghada 20 Oct 1992 by Steve Madge – Bull Orn Soc Middle East 33:34. Personaly I have caught more than 600 Acrocephalus schoenobaenus at Hurghada, but no one turns out to be Aquatic Warbler (István Moldován).The breeding population of Acr.paludicola from Hungary, it is already confirmed to winter in Senegal.
Great Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus	arundinaceus	(1) arundinaceus	PV		North-west Africa and Europe, east to Volga basin and Caucasus area
			(2) zarudnyi	PV		Eastern Iraq, Iran, and Volga basin east through Transcaspia to western Mongolia and Krasnoyarsk area
Clamorous Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus	stentoreus	(1) stentoreus	RB		Egypt, east to Suez Canal area
			(2) levantina	?		Israel, Syria, and Jordan
			(3) brunnescens	?		Shores of central and southern Red Sea and Arabia, and from Iran east to southern Kazakhstan and central India
Eastern Olivaceous Warbler	Hippolais	pallida	(1) opaca	AV	1 specimen taken at Marsa Matruh on 13 May 1970 is referable to this ssp(National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC , USA)	Iberia, NW Africa, Eastern part of Lybia?
			(2) pallida	RB	Caught and ringed at SW Hurghada in April 2008	Egypt
			(3) laeneni	?		doubtfully distinct race from Southern fringe of central and eastern Sahara, north probably to Tibesti (northern Chad) and Nile valley of northern Sudan
			(4) elaeica	PV (WV?)	I have found overvintering specimens at Abu Simber in Jan 2007.	Hungary, south-west Ukraine, and Balkan countries south to Greece and western Asia Minor; includes tamariceti from central and eastern Asia Minor, Cyprus, Levant, and through Caucasus area, Iraq, and Iran to west-central Asia [includes turcestanica]
Booted Warbler	Hippolais	caligata		?	On April 2006, by a birding tour organized by Rockjumper Tours. Source: Mindy Rosenzweig. Withouth photo, the record can not be accepted. Very probably that it was a misidentified Hippolais pallida.
Sykes's Warbler	Hippolais	rama	rama	?	Migrating to South Israel.Probably overlooked.	(monotypic) Lower Volga and through Transcaspia east to Tien Shan and western Xinjiang (China), north to southern Kazakstan, south to Iran, north-east Arabia, and Pakistan
Upcher's Warbler	Hippolais	languida		MB?	1 at El Bragga Garden (Wadi Feiran) on 13 Aug 2005. Egyptian Journal of Biology, 2005, Vol. 7, pp 66-95. Eight or nine records collected by Mindy Baha El Din, published in Sandgrouse.
Olive-tree Warbler	Hippolais	olivetorum		PV	1 at Shams Alam on 17 09 2005 by Staffan Rodebrand and Bo Thoor	(monotypic)
Icterine Warbler	Hippolais	icterina		PV (WV)		(monotypic) [includes alaris, borisi, schuchowi]
Blackcap	Sylvia	atricapilla	(1) dammholzi	PV	A few specimens taken at Bahig, match the plumage coloration of this form ( National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA)	Central-east Turkey (probably), Caucasus area (except south-west Caucasus), and northern Iran
			(2) atricapilla	PV		Europe and west Siberia, south to Pyrénées, northern Italy, Balkan countries, Greece, western and perhaps northern Turkey, and Levant; also, south-west Caucasus [includes riphaea]
Garden Warbler	Sylvia	borin	(1) borin	PV		Western Europe east to Greece, Serbia, southern and central Rumania, and central and northern European Rusia east to central Urals [includes kreczmeri]
			(2) woodwardi	PV		Bulgaria, eastern Greece, Turkey, Caucasus area, eastern Rumania, and southern Ukraine, and from south-east European Russia and Urals east to Yenisey [includes pateffi, pallida]
Barred Warbler	Sylvia	nisoria	(1) nisoria	PV		Europe east to Urals and north-west Caspian Sea, and (perhaps this race) Crimea, Asia Minor, Caucasus area, and northern Iran
			(2) merzbacheri	AV?	A specimen taken at Gebel Elba on 21 April 1985 aproaches the coloration of this form.(University of Michigan Museum of Zoology)	From about Ural Mountains, Ural River, and Caspian Sea east to Mongolia
Lesser Whitethroat	Sylvia	curruca	(1) blythi	PV	Has been collected several times in spring and autumn in the Nile Delta and Fayoum (Meinertzhagen 1930).	Central Siberia from basin of Yenisey east to Lena River, south to northern foot of Altai, Tuva, north-east Mongolia, and western Manchuria
			(2) curruca	PV WV		Western Europe east to basin of Ob', south to northern Italy, to northern part of former Yugoslavia, and to northern Bulgaria, Ukraine (except Crimea), middle Volga, southern Urals, and extreme northern Kazakhstan
			(3) althaea	AV?	One ringed at Hurghada sewage works in 3 of April 2008 by Arthur Niemczik and Moldovan István. Morphometrics at I.Moldovan and Gdansk University (SEEN) Poland.	Mountains of north-east and eastern Iran, south-west Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and west-central Asia, vagrant WP [includes monticola]
Eastern Orphean Warbler	Sylvia	crassirostris	(1) crassirostris	PV (WV)		Balkan countries, Greece, Cyrenaica (north-east Libya), central and northern Asia Minor, and Levant
			(2) jerdoni	?		Southern Transcaucasia and south-east Turkey (perhaps this race), east Iraq, and Iran to west-central Asia and Pakistan [includes balchanica]
Arabian Warbler	Sylvia	leucomelaena	(1) blanfordi	RB		Coastal zone of western Red Sea south from extreme south-east Egypt
			(2) negevensis	?	Unknown which ssp has been recorded in Sinai	Arava valley of southern Israel and south-west Jordan
			(3) leucomelaena	?	Unknown which ssp has been recorded in Sinai	North-west Saudi Arabia south to Yemen and southern Oman
Common Whitethroat	Sylvia	communis	(1) communis	PV	Ringed at Hurgada in spring.	North-west Africa, and from western Europe east to Poland, eastern Carpathians, Bulgaria, northern Asia Minor, and south-west Caucasus [includes jordansi, cinerea]
			(2) icterops	PV	Meinertzhagen (1930) reported this form as not so common like the nominate form.	South and south-east Turkey, Levant, central and eastern Transcaucasia, eastern Iraq, Iran, and south-west Turkmenistan [includes traudeli]
African Desert Warbler	Sylvia	deserti		WV?	Reported by Meinertzhagen (1930) west of Salum. Sharif Baha el Din reported one at the Gilf Kebir and 3 at ’Uweinat in Feb1997, and Lajos Németh saw a pair in Karkur Tahl, ’Uweinat,on 21/03/2002. Not excluded to belong to this species which at that time was considered ssp.	(monotypic) Central-Western Sahara
Asian Desert Warbler	Sylvia	nana		MB? PV WV	1 at 06.Dec 2007 10km N of Quseir, 1 at Hamata one month earlyer.1 bird seen in low juniper-like bushes just at the edge of the mangroves at the southern parts of Hamata 3 & 5.12.2004 by Måns Grundsten & Matti Eriksson, Stockholm, Sweden. Reported in summer from St.Katherine protectorate.	(monotypic) Volga delta and Transcaspia to central Asia
Spectacled Warbler	Sylvia	conspicillata	conspicillata	WV	5 at Shamsa Alam and mangroves in Hamata between 17-23 Sept 2005 by Staffan Rodebrand and Bo Thoor.1 at Ain Musa on 12 Oct 2008 by David Farrow.	Countries bordering Mediterranean, from Morocco and Portugal east to Cyprus and inland Levant
Marmora's Warbler	Sylvia	sarda	sarda	AV	A male was collected at Salum on 28 January 1928 (Meinertzhagen 1930;British Museum of Natural History)	(monotypic) Corsica, Sardinia, and some small offshore islands in west Mediterranean Basin [includes affinis]
Subalpine Warbler	Sylvia	cantillans	albistriata	PV WV	Has been found wintering by Misone(1974) at Uweinat and Gilf Kebir.	South-west Slovenia east through south-east Europe to western Turkey
Sardinian Warbler	Sylvia	melanocephala	(1) norrisae	FB ?		El Faiyum oasis (northern Egypt; apparently extinct since 1939)
			(2) melanocephala	PV WV		North-west Africa and southern Europe (including Mediterranean islands) east to northern Turkey [includes pasiphae, carmichaellowi]
			(3) momus	RB PV WV	Common at Hurghada SW as PV WV	South-central Turkey and coastal zone of Levant
Ménétries's Warbler	Sylvia	mystacea	(1) rubescens	PV	Scarce PV, one ringed at Hurghada SW by Arthur Nyemcyk in March 2008	South-central Asia Minor south through interior Levant and Syria, Iraq, and south-west Iran to northern Saudi Arabia [includes semenowi]
			(2) mystacea	?	Unknown which ssp occurs in Egypt	Eastern Turkey, Transcaucasia, from eastern Caucasus north along western shore of Caspian Sea to lower Volga, and northern Iran (except north-east)
Rüppell's Warbler	Sylvia	rueppelli		PV (WV)	One ringed at Hurgada SW in spring 2007 and one in March 2008.	(monotypic)
Cyprus Warbler	Sylvia	melanothorax		PV	One 2y female at Hurghada SW on 8 March 2008(ringed by Arthur Niemcyk) and 2 at Sinai (Nabaq area) by Annie Sevin on the same day.	(monotypic)
Greenish Warbler	Phylloscopus	trochiloides	(1) nitidus	AV	In the report of Operation WallaceAa, is stated that : "very rare trees in the gardens of Wadi Gebel and Tobouq". Withouth handled bird or collected specimen, the record can not be accepted. Egyptian Journal of Biology, 2005, Vol. 7, pp 66-95	Northern Turkey and Caucasus area east through northern Iran to Turkmenistan and perhaps southern Uzbekistan and northern Afghanistan
Yellow-browed Warbler	Phylloscopus	inornatus		(PV)	A recent record from David Farrow at Wadi Dana(Jordan) October 2008.	(monotypic) [includes praemium, saturatus, superciliosa]
Bonelli's Warbler	Phylloscopus	bonelli		PV		(monotypic)
Balkan Warbler	Phylloscopus	orientalis		PV	Ringed at Hurghada by Istvan Moldovan.	(monotypic)
Wood Warbler	Phylloscopus	sibilatrix		PV		(monotypic) [includes erlangeri, ludmilae]
Common Chiffchaff	Phylloscopus	collybita	(1) collybita	PV WV		Western Europe north to Britain, Denmark, and southern Sweden, south to north-east Spain, Pyrénées (except north-west), Italy, and Greece, east to central Poland, Rumania, Bulgaria, and Turkey [includes brevirostris]
			(2) abietinus	PV WV		Northern Europe from Norway east to Pechora and Volga basin, south to central Sweden, north-east Poland, Moldavia, south-east European Russia, and northern Kazakhstan; also, Caucasus area and northern Iran
			(3) tristis	?	One intermediate specimen (abietinus ≤≥tristis)has been ringed at Hurghada in winter 2007 as "sub-tristis" by Istvan Moldovan.(following Svensson, L,,1992)	East European Russia and Urals east to east Siberia; also, north-east Iran and south-west Turkmenistan [includes altaiana, axillaris, fulvescens (*), menzbieri, riphaea]
Willow Warbler	Phylloscopus	trochilus	(1) trochilus	PV WV		Western and central Europe, north to Wales, central England, and southern Sweden, east to central Poland and Carpathians [includes fitis]
			(2) acredula	PV WV?		Northern Europe (except extreme north) and south-west Siberia, from Ireland, Scotland, north-central Norway and central Sweden northwards, in south west to north-east Poland, Ukraine, and Moldavia [includes eversmanni]
Goldcrest	Regulus	regulus	regulus	(WV)		Europe (except Crimea and Caucasus area) and west Siberia east to Tomsk and middle Yenisey
Firecrest	Regulus	ignicapillus	ignicapillus	AV		Europe (except Balearic Islands) east to Turkey and Caucasus area [includes minimus]
MUSCICAPIDAE
Spotted Flycatcher	Muscicapa	striata	(1) striata	PV (WV)	The most common form in Egypt.	[junior synonym: latirostris]
			(2) neumanni	PV (WV)		Corsica, Sardinia, Tuscan mainland coast and islands
			(3) inexpectata	?	Further research needed. On geographical ground can occur in Egypt.	Southern Greece, Cyprus, Levant, and northern and south-west Iran; also, central Siberia from Ob' and Altai east to northern Transbaikalia [includes cretica]
Red-breasted Flycatcher	Ficedula	parva		PV (WV)		(monotypic) includes colchica
Semi-collared Flycatcher	Ficedula	semitorquata		PV		(monotypic) [includes transcaspica]
Collared Flycatcher	Ficedula	albicollis		PV		(monotypic) [synonym: collaris]
Pied Flycatcher	Ficedula	hypoleuca	(1) hypoleuca	PV		Iberia
			(2) sibirica	?	Lack of material.	France, Britain, and Norway east to Urals [synonym: atricapilla, muscipeta]
PARIDAE
Great Tit	Parus	major	terrasanctae	RB	NE Sinai
REMIZIDAE
Penduline Tit	Remiz	pendulinus	(1)pendulinus	WV	Not know which ssp occurs in Egypt.On geographical ground, both of them can apear.	Western and southern Europe east to central European Russia, southern Urals, northwest end of Caucasus, Crimea, and western coastlands of Asia Minor [includes raddei]
			(2)menzbieri	WV		Central and eastern Asia Minor, Levant, Transcaucasia (except eastern Azerbaydzhan), and western Iran [includesp ersimilis]
TIMALIIDAE
Arabian Babbler	Turdoides	squamiceps	squamiceps	RB
Fulvous Babbler	Turdoides	fulva	acaciae	RB		Southern fringe of Sahara, from Mali to eastern Chad, north to Ahaggar (south Algeria) and Tibesti (northern Chad)
NECTARINIIDAE
Nile Valley Sunbird	Anthreptes	metallicus		RB	Along the Nile Valley, common between Luxor and Aswan.	(monotypic)
Palestine Sunbird	Nectarinia	osea	osea	RB	Sinai. 1 in winter plumage at St.Katherine (El Malakeh Area), on 27 November 2008 by Anne Hilts, I.Moldován and Schuyler Van Dustin Hilts.
ORIOLIDAE
Eurasian Golden Oriole	Oriolus	oriolus	oriolus	PV		[includes caucasicus]
SITTIDAE
Western Rock Nuttach	Sitta	neumayer	syriaca	AV	On geographical grounds, perhaps this this form has been recorded at Safsafa St.Katherine Protectorate (Elijah's basin, Aug 2004).Egyptian Journal of Biology, 2005, Vol. 7, pp 66-95	Levant, south-east Turkey, and north Iraq
LANIIDAE
Isabelline Shrike	Lanius	isabellinus	(1) phoenicuroides	PV WV		Iran north and east to far north-western Xinjiang, through Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, western Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan and southern Kazakhstan, on migration in WP [includes karelini]
			(2) isabellinus	PV WV		Russian Altai through northern China and Mongolia, approx. as far east as the Upper Amur River
Red-backed Shrike	Lanius	collurio	collurio	PV (WV)		Europe (except Crimea and Caucasus area), western Turkey, and west Siberia [includes juxtus]
Lesser Grey Shrike	Lanius	minor		PV		(monotypic) [includes turanicus]
Southern Grey Shrike	Lanius	meridionalis	(1) aucheri	RB WV		Levant and Arabia (except south-west) through Iraq to Iran; also, Red Sea coasts of Egypt to Somalia; includes the doubtfully distinct race theresae from northern Israel and perhaps Lebanon
			(2) elegans	RB WV	1 at Ain Musa, 1 at Ras mUhamed, 1 at Abu Simbel bay David Farrow in Oct 2008.	North Africa (except coastal strip of north-west), northern Sinai, and south-west Negev in Israel. At Red Sea Coast gradualy degrees in aucheri, or it is an intermediate form?
Steppe Grey Shrike	Lanius	pallidirostris		AV	One specimen collected at Quseir on 20 Feb 1928 by Meinertzhagen (British Museum of Natural History). 1 at Nabaq area (Sinai) by Ingo Weiss between 24Oct 4 Nov. 2007. One at Abu Simbel at16 September and one at El Gouna at 22 Sept 2003 by Kris De Rouck (source: www.netfugl.dk).	Lower Volga, Transcaspia, and Iran east to China and Mongolia [includes grimmi]
Woodchat Shrike	Lanius	senator	(1) niloticus	PV		Central and eastern Asia Minor, Cyprus, and Levant, east to Transcaucasia and Iran
			(2) senator	PV		Central and southern Europe from western France east to Poland, Balkan countries, and Greece, south to Pyrénées, mainland Italy, Sicily, Cyrenaica (Libya), and western Asia Minor [includes hensii]
Masked Shrike	Lanius	nubicus		PV		(monotypic)
CORVIDAE
Alpine Chough	Pyrrhocorax	graculus	digitatus	?	Rejected by Meinertzhagen (1930).	Southern Turkey, Levant, and south-west Iran
Red-billed Chough	Pyrrhocorax	pyrrhocorax	docilis	AV	Several XIX centhury observations. Horváth observed 2 on the clifs of Gebel Muqatam, near Cairo on 13 Sept.1959 and one was noted on 9 May 1982 around 35 km N of Hurghada (Frazier et al.1984). Rejected by Meinertzhagen.	Balkan countries and Greece east through Levant and Caucasus area to Iran and Afghanistan [includes pontifex, subdocilis]
House Crow	Corvus	splendens	splendens	IB		India (except north-west and south-west), Nepal, and Bangladesh, (self-) introduced WP
Rook	Corvus	frugilegus	frugilegus	(WV)		[includes tschusii, ultimus]
Carrion Crow	Corvus	corone	(1) pallescens	(WV)	Acording to Goodman and Meininger (1989) this form occuring in Egypt.	Egypt, Cyprus, Levant, south-east Turkey, Syria, and north-west Iraq [includes egipticus]
			(2) sharpii		Further research needed, to clarify the status of this form according to the new taxonomy adopted by AOERC.	Sardinia, Sicily, mainland Italy, and from Balkan countries and Greece through Turkey (except south-east), Caucasus area, Iran (except south-west and extreme east), southern Ukraine, and south-east European Russia to Transcaspia [includes khozaricus, kaucasicus, sardonius]
Brown-necked Raven	Corvus	ruficollis		RB		(monotypic) [includes infumatus, subcorax, umbrinus]
Common Raven	Corvus	corax	tingitanus	RB	Along the North Coast. Ferguson observed them south of Hurghada in 1984, and Robert Lasecki observed 2 on 28 March 2008. The observation of Lasecki is reliable, spending more than a month at the ringing camp, being familiar with the Brown-necked Ravens fromthe Sewage works.	North Africa
Fan-tailed Raven	Corvus	rhipidurus	(1) rhipidurus	RB		North-east Afrotropics east from Aïr (Niger), north to Tibesti (Chad) and south-east Egypt
			(2) stanleyi	RB		Sinai, Middle East, and Arabia
Black Drongo	Dicrurus	macrocercus		ESC	One specimen recorded at Aswan by Peter C. Meijer on 27. October 2006. Source: Egybirdgroup@yahoo.com (Pierre -André Crochet).Probably escaped cagebird.	Southeast Iran and south Afghanistan through south Himalayas to all India, Sri Lanka and mainland Southeast Asia north through central and east China to Formosa and south Manchuria, at altitudes from sea level to 6,600 ft (2,000 m); also an outlying population on Java and Bali.
STURNIDAE
Tristram's Starling	Onychognathus	tristramii		RB	Around St.Katherine monastery.	(monotypic) [includes hadramauticus]
Common Starling	Sturnus	vulgaris	(1) purpurascens	WV		Eastern Turkey, north-east Iraq, and western Transcaucasia
			(2) vulgaris	WV		Northern and north-east Spain, France, Ireland, Britain (except Outer Hebrides and Shetlands), and Iceland, east to central Urals, south to mainland Italy, Sicily, north-west Greece, western Bulgaria, Carpathians, northern Moldavia, northern and central Ukraine, and upper Don and middle Volga valleys [includes britannicus, ferdinandi, graecus, jitkowi, ruthenus, sophiae]
Wattled Starling	Creatophora	cinerea		AV	One at Wadi lahami (Lahami Bay Hotel) from 30 Oct to 4 Nov 2008. Published Egypt Today, December 2008 Volume # 29 Issue 12	Eastern and Southern Africa, seemingly extending it's range to West Africa
Rosy Starling	Sturnus	roseus		(PV)		(monotypic)
Common Myna	Acridotheres	tristis	tristis	AV	1 adult at Ain Sokhna (Fawzi`s rest house) from 20 of April 1998 to 30April when was shout down(Linda Millington). Carcase at collection of Sharif MB. Publ Sandgrouse 22(1) 2000	[or partly also tristoides introduced??]
PASSERIDAE
House Sparrow	Passer	domesticus	(1) rufidorsalis	RB		Sudan and southern Nile valley of Egypt [includes halfae, arboreus]
			(2) biblicus	RB		Eastern Sinai, Cyprus, Levant, and south-central Turkey through Middle East to Iraq (except south) and west Iran
			(3) niloticus	RB		Egypt (except extreme south of Nile valley) and western Sinai
Spanish Sparrow	Passer	hispaniolensis	(1) hispaniolensis	PV WV		Canary Islands, North Africa, Iberia, Sardinia, as well as Balkan countries, Greece, and western Turkey
			(2) transcaspicus	PV WV	Some specimens are referable to this form acording to Meinertzhagen (1930) and Vaurie (1959).	Central Asia Minor, Levant , and Caucasus area east to Kazakhstan, Afghanistan,and western Xinjiang (China) [includes terekius]
Dead Sea Sparrow	Passer	moabiticus	(1) mesopotamicus	AV?	See Birds of Egypt (1989). Found breeding at Eilat, Israel (Hadoram Shirihai)	Southern Turkey, northern and eastern Syria, Iraq, and south-west Iran; probably this race Cyprus
			(2) moabiticus		Not nkown which form has been observed in Egypt(Sinai),	Israel, Jordan, and perhaps south-west Syria
Desert Sparrow	Passer	simplex	(1) saharae	?		North-west Sahara east to central Libya, and (perhaps this race) west to Mauritania
			(2) simplex	AV	Observed only at Uweinat mountains. Probably this ssp. on geographical grounds.	Southern Sahara from central Mali through Aïr (northern Niger), Tibesti, Borkou and Ennedi (northern Chad) to central Sudan.
Eurasian Tree Sparrow	Passer	montanus	(1) montanus	AV	Two observation in Egypt (see. Birds of Egypt, 1989).	Europe (except Caucasus area and south-east European Russia), east to Russian Far East, south to northern Kazakhstan, Altai, north-east Mongolia, and Transbaikalia [includes catellatus, hispaniae, margaretae, stegmanni]
			(2) transcaucasicus		Further research needed. Not known which form has been seen in Egypt.	Central Turkey, northern Caucasus east to Lower Volga, and Transcaucasia to north-west and northern Iran (except north-east) [includes ciscaucasicus, volgensis]
Sudan Golden Sparrow	Passer	luteus		MB?	Gebel Elba (Halaib Triangle)	(monotypic)
Rock Sparrow	Petronia	petronia		AV	One pair seen at Wadi Talah, St Katherine protectorate in Aug 2004.Egyptian Journal of Biology, 2005, Vol. 7, pp 66-95
Pale Rock Sparrow	Petronia	brachydactyla		(PV)		(monotypic) [includes psammochroa]
White-winged Snowfinch	Montifringilla	nivalis	(1) nivalis			Central and southern Europe, from Iberia and Alps east to Bulgaria and Greece
			(2) leucura			Southern and eastern Turkey [includes fahrettini]
			(3) alpicola			Caucasus and northern Iran east through Afghanistan to western Pamirs [includes prosvirowi]
			(4) gaddi	RB (i)		South-west Iran, in winter probably in Iraq
PLOCEIDAE				AV
Streaked Weaver	Ploceus	manyar	flaviceps	IB		[probably this race introduced WP]
Village Weaver	Ploceus	cucullatus	spilonotus	AV or escaped?	Pierre Andre Crochet and Eric Didner at Abu Simbel in spring 2006	Senegal east to Somalia, south to northern Namibia, northern Botswana, eastern South Africa. Introduced to Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Mauritius, and Réunion.
ESTRILDIDAE
Common Waxbill	Estrilda	astrild	jagoensis	IB		introduced
Crimson-rumped Waxbill	Estrilda	rhodopyga		Probably an escape from captivity	Robel D. (Zollogy of the Middle East)
Red Avadavat	Amandava	amandava	amandava	IB	Crocodile Island-Delta (Burulus lake)	[probably this race introduced WP]
Indian Silverbill	Euodice	malabarica		AV	3Dec 2003 by Tommy Pedersen.Publ Sandgrouse23(1) 2001. Breeds Israel(Eilat). A flock of Euo.mal at Gezira sport club in April 2006 by a bird tour organized by Rockjumper Tours. Source: Mindy Baha El Din	(monotypic)
African Silverbill	Euodice	cantans	orientalis	RB?
FRINGILLIDAE
Common Chaffinch	Fringilla	coelebs	coelebs	WV		Mainland France, Netherlands, and Norway east to central Siberia, south to Pyrénées, mainland Italy, Sicily, Balkan countries, northern Greece, northern Ukraine, and (perhaps this race or balcanica/schiebeli) southern Greece, Crete, and western Turkey [includes bellicosus, hortensis, karelica, sylvestris, wolfgangi]
Brambling	Fringilla	montifringilla		WV		(monotypic)
Red-fronted Serin	Serinus	pusillus		AV		(monotypic) [includes aurifrons, pygmaea]
European Serin	Serinus	serinus		RB? WV		(monotypic) [includes germanica, hortulanus, occidentalis, polonicus, woltersi]
Syrian Serin	Serinus	syriacus		WV	St Katherine by Andrew Grieve	(monotypic)
European Greenfinch	Carduelis	chloris	(8) chlorotica	RB WV	3 on 20 of March 2007 at Hurghada SW by Robert Lasecky. 2 at the same location on 27 of February 2008 by Kelemen Márton	South-central Turkey, Levant, and Egypt
			(3) aurantiiventris	WV	Some specimens are intermediate in colour between this two sobspecies.	Central and eastern Spain, Balearic Islands, central and southern France, northern Tunisia, Sicily, mainland Italy, and coastal zone of eastern Adriatic Sea south to western Greece
European Goldfinch	Carduelis	carduelis	(1) niediecki	RB WV		Eastern Greece (Sporades, Rhodes, Karpathos), western and southern Asia Minor, and through Middle East east to south-west Iran and south to Egypt
			(2) carduelis	AV	One specimen colleted at Port Said ( 18 December 1966) apears to be referable to this form(United States Natural History Museum).	Central France, eastern Belgium and Netherlands, and Denmark east to central Urals, south to mainland Italy, north of former Yugoslavia, north-west Rumania, northern Ukraine, and central European Russia
European Siskin	Carduelis	spinus		WV		(monotypic) [includes buturlini, dybowski]
Common Linnet	Carduelis	cannabina	(1) bella	WV		Islands in eastern Aegean south to Rhodes, Asia Minor, Levant, and Crimea, east through Caucasus area to Iran and south-west Turkmenistan, as well as in central Asia [includes fringillirostris, kudashevi, merzbacheri, persica, taurica]
			(2) cannabina	WV		Western, central, and northern Europe (except Scotland) to west Siberia and upper Yenisey, north from Pyrénées, northern Italy, north of former Yugoslavia, Rumania, and Ukraine (except Crimea)
Desert Finch	Rhodospiza	obsoleta		AV	Wadi El Arish (Mindy Baha El Din in verbis)	(monotypic) [includes chuancheica, kaschgarica]
Trumpeter Finch	Bucanetes	githagineus	(1) githagineus	RB		Egypt (except extreme south-west) and northern Sudan
			(2) zedlitzi	RB?	Two specimens colected at Gebel Uweinat are referable to thi form (US Natural History Museum).	Western and central Sahara east to Libya, Chad, and extreme south-west Egypt, as well as southern Spain
Common Rosefinch	Carpodacus	erythrinus	kubanensis	(PV)		Balkan countries, Asia Minor, and Caucasus area, west probably to south-central Europe, east through northern Iran to south-west Turkmenistan
Sinai Rosefinch	Carpodacus	synoicus	synoicus	RB		[includes petrae]
Hawfinch	Coccothraustes	coccothraustes	coccothraustes	WV		Europe and Asia east to Transbaikalia, south to Mediterranean, north-west Asia Minor, Ukraine (except Crimea), lower Don River, southern Urals, and northern Mongolia [includes insularis, verticalis]
Yellowhammer	Emberiza	citrinella	(1) erythrogenys	AV	One record on 21 February 1980 at Heliopolis by Sharif Baha El Din.	Eastern Europe and Asia, east and south from Baltic States, Belarus, Ukraine, Rumania, and eastern and southern Yugoslavia
			(2) citrinella	AV	On goegraphical ground both forms can be the observed specimen.	Western continental Europe from northern Spain, south-east England, and Norway east to north-west European Russia, Poland, Czech Republic, western Hungary, and west of former Yugoslavia
Cirl Bunting	Emberiza	cirlus	cirlus	AV		(monotypic)
House Bunting	Emberiza	sahari	sahari	RB?	Breeding not proved yet. Only at Gebel Uweinat.	North-west Africa and central Sahara east to Nile valley
Mountain Bunting	Emberiza	striolata	striolata	RB		Eastern Egypt and north-east Afrotropics east through Arabia, southern Middle East, and southern Iran to north-west India
Cinereous Bunting	Emberiza	cineracea	(1) cineracea	AV		Some islands in eastern Aegean Sea and western and south-central Turkey
			(2) semenowi	AV		South-east Turkey to south-west Iran
Ortolan Bunting	Emberiza	hortulana		(PV) WV		(monotypic)
Cretzschmar's Bunting	Emberiza	caesia		PV WV?	2 males at Hurghada SW, ringed on 15 March 2008	(monotypic)
Rustic Bunting	Emberiza	rustica	rustica	AV	One collected at Bahig on 22 Oct 1971( Goodman and Watson 1983). US Natural History Museum.
Little Bunting	Emberiza	pusilla		AV		(monotypic)
Yellow-breasted Bunting	Emberiza	aureola	aureola	AV	One male was collected at St.Katherine on 3 September 1972.Zoological Museum, Jerusalem, Israel
Common Reed Bunting	Emberiza	schoeniclus	intermedia	AV		Corsica?, Italy (except pre-alpine lakes), and Dalmatian coast of former Yugoslavia [includes compilator]
Black-headed Bunting	Emberiza	melanocephala		PV		(monotypic)
Cinnamon-breasted Rock Bunting	Emberiza	tahapisi		Misidentified	On 19 and 20 of April 1984 an adult male was observed at St Katherine (Anon.1984a; Siering 1986). The photograf has been re-examinde (2008 Andrew Griewe) and reidentified as a Striated Bunting.
Corn Bunting	Emberiza	calandra	calandra	PV WV	1 at Shams Alam Resort 3.12, 5 at the mangrove N of BS 4.12, 7 at a military post between Wadi Lahami and Bir Shalatin4.12,2004 2 at Wadi Lahami 5.12.2004 by Måns Grundsten & Matti Eriksson, Stockholm, Sweden.	Canary Islands, North Africa, and Europe (except extreme north-west) east to Asia Minor (except south-east) and coastal Levant